415 
.53 



4 




i 




rruS^ 




Western 

RAILROAD. 



> 



( 



SECoxn sou\^E^>'iii nniTKjy. 



CEJTY^BiJRCi 



IN WAR AND IN PEACE. 



A BRIEF REVIEW OF INTERESTING HISTORICAL FACTS 
AND INCIDENTS RELATIVE TO THE FAMOUS 
THREE-DAYS' FIGHT SO APPROPRI- 
ATELY DESIGNATED 

^be (5reatc0t Battle of nl^o^crn ^imce* 






HOW TO REACH THE BATTLEFIELD FROM THE ' 
NORTH, EAST, SOUTH AND WEST. 



THE GETTYSBURG SHORT LI?iE. 



ISSDED BY THE PASSENGER DEPARTMENT OF 

THE "WESTERIT I^ARTI-AITI? RAIL-ROArj. 

J. M. HOOD. GEN L MANAGER B. H. GRISWOLD. GEN L PASS. AGENT 

BALTIMORE, MD 



E47r 



^ / 



■J c^ 



COMPILED BY THOMAS E. JENKINS. 



hor. 



^Ki 



^ess 



., l>v JOHN COX'S SON S . . 
(BALTIMORE, MD.) 



-^ 



\ / i'^w^ ^ 




Ir^troduetory. 



'T IS 2s OT our jvarpose or desire to publish 
in this volume any extended or graphic 
account of the vvorld-famed Battle of Gettysburg. 
The record of that terrible carnage has long since 
found a fitting place u]ion the pages of American history. 
In the annals of warfare the battle of Gettysburg is justly 
termed " the greatest conflirt of modern times." The name 
of Gettysburg has been brought froni rural obscurity to 
world-wide celeljrity. The battle was equal in magnitude, 
desperation, liuman slaughter, and in the vast interests which coidd 
be decided only by the result, to any recorded in history. 

The heroism of the American soldier has won (as it so well de- 
served,) tlie applause and admiration of the world. Xow in the 
days of tranquil peace, with our country united, prosperous and 
wonderfully progressive, we are a nation of patriotic citizens. It 
is that same patriotism that prompts and encourages us to visit the 
scenes and localities now dedicated and consecrated to the perpetua- 
tion of American valor, there to do homage to the memory of our 
fallen kindred of the "blue" or the "grey," who, inspired by an 
intuitive sense of duty, sacrificed all — home, friends, position and 
life itself — in defense of the cause they thought was right. Let 
not one thought or bitter prejudice suggest the i)assions of that 
awful conflict. The Avar is over, and with it should terminate every 
semblance of hatred and every recollection of individual sacrifice. 
Therein exists the evidence of true patriotism, without which the 
soldier's valor must be devoid of earnestness and manly courage. 

Peace reigns supreme, and now in friendship true, 
United are the " boj-s " who wore the grey and blue. 
Each valiant hero of that sturdy fight 
Fought nobly for the cause he thought was right. 



— 4 — 

In the C()nij)iluti(in of tlii.s volun.c \\( have nitulc a curei'nl 
research of the works ol' the ln'st autlioriiius, ami likewise ri'ceived 
official inl\)niuition from the War l><'|»artiin'iit at A\'as]iingtoii. We 
are not historians. In thai ])oi-ii(iii of oiii- work ri'fci-i-iii,y to the 
Battle of Gettysburg it i.s oiii- desire to present in brief and con- 
densed form sucli informaLion as will likely })rove interesting to 
expectant visitors to the ])attlefield. How to reach the locality of 
the famous three-days' liglit is a question which necessarily concerns 
the traveler, by whom the guarantee of comfort and convenience i3 
always earnestly considered. This question Avas solved by the AYest- 
ern Maryland IJailroad in the completion of the Gettysburg Short 
Line (Tape-Worm JRailroad) in the Spring of 188!). The new road 
opens a short, direct and ])anoramic route to the battlefield from 
points West, South and Southwest, via Hagerstown. From Phila- 
delphia and Washington the Western Maryland lioute, via Balti- 
more and Emory Grove, is too well known to retjiiire elaborate 
comment. The entire ride presents a changeful series of nature's- 
most enchanting pictures. 

If in the publication of this little work we succeed in intelli- 
gently demonstrating the advantages and conveniences of the two 
routes to the Battlefield of Gettysburg as offered ])y the Western 
Maryland l^ailroad, then our sole ])urpose shall have be(^n attained. 




v^'J 



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R^LROAD 



I AND CONNECTIONS. 



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— 5 — 




Jt?e Jou;^ of Gettysbijn?. 



B' 



ETTYSBURG IS pleasantly situated at the base 
of South Mountain, in a fertile plain be- 
tween the ridges of Cemetery Hill on the south- 
h ^^^L li '^^■^st 4nd Seminary Ridge on the west, and is sur- 
rounded ]jy a cluster of low hills forming the 
^^«j background to a Ijroad expanse of rich valleys 
teeming with cultivation. Its geographical posi- 
tion is about seven miles north of the State line 
dividing Maryland and Pennsvlvania. The site 
of Gettysburg, Adams County, Pennsylvania, was 
originally located by thrifty German colonists in 
1 779, (just three years following the declaration 
of American independence). The town was 
founded by James Getty in 1780, became the 
county-seat in 1800, and was incorporated in 1807. 
The population of Gettysburg at the time of the 
battle was about 1500 inhabitants. 

In the early Spring of 1863, the question of invasion, if con- 
sidered at all, was deemed most improbable. It must be remem- 
bered that battlefields are not selected by choice or favor. Various 
iind sometimes unexplainable circumstances and conditions lead 
contending armies to wage disastrous warfare Avhen and where 
least expected. Gettysburg, however, may be justly considered an 
exception, for the direct causes which led to the culmination of 
the great battle were not only anticipated within reasonable time 
for preparation and resistance, but a conflict itself must naturally 
have been expected in that vicinity by reason of the advance of 
the Confederates bevond the boundary of Mason and Dixon's line. 



^A: 



OF THE L. 

Kl f OWCES 



!•«%■ Sj 



'■^ 



\ I /he question is often asked by tlie visitor to tlie buttlefielJ liow 
&j^ was it possible to gather and concetitrate the strength of 
two great armies in the vicinity of Gettysburg within such a 
limited time? How was it accomplished? In order to intelligently 
comprehend the one important fact bearing upon this (piesticn, the 
reader has but to remember tliat the Army of Xorthern Virginia, 
commanded by Gen. Lee, was marching northward for the purpose 
of invading Pennsylvania. It was the one great ambition of Lee's 
life that the final result of the issue should be decided upon Xorth- 
ern soil. The South had already suffered terrible devastation, and 
it was deemed expedient that hostilities should cease, at least 
temporarily, in Southern territory. 

In the latter part of the niontli of June, 1S63, after the 
battle of C'hancellorsville, Lee's army crossed the Potomac river. 
The forces were divided into three corps, commanded hj Gens. 
Ewell, Hill and Longstreet. The advance continued up the 
Cumberland Valley, a portion of the command proceeding to a 
point on the Susquehanna opposite Harrisburg. Another di- 
vision, commanded l)y Gen. Early, had iu tlie meantime reached 
Chambersburg after a tedious and hazardous march. This di- 
vision crossed the South Mountain, and arrived near Gettys- 
burg on the morning of June 2(5th, 18(Jo. Early's })roject 
was to join the forces of Lee, then gathered on the banks of 
the Susquehanna. AVith tliis determination. Gen. Early ad- 
vanced his troops northward, jjroceeded to York, and con- 
tinuing his advance, attemjited to cross the Susquehanu;i, at 
Wrightsville, but Avas frustrated by the Federals burning the 

7 



]()im bridge coniit'cting Wriglitsvilk- uixl ('(iluml)iu. fJcnerul 
Let- iK'ing tints ;»]»])ris(Ml of tlie ra])id advunoc of the Cnion forces, 
withdrew his (•ominaiid and jiroceeded soutliward. It was at this 
time that (ieii. Lee h-anied that liis eo-o])cration with Kiehiiioiid 
was iiilereeptetl : ill iH'taliation lie resolved tcj unite his forces and 
threaten Ikiltiinon'. Concentrating his entire command at (Jettvs- 
Iniru", lu' decided to move southward without delay. This movement 
of tlu' Army of Northern ^'irginia was entirely unexpected by the 
Federal forces. Gen. Meade supposed the army of Lee to be concen- 
trated at the vicinity of Harrisburg and along the ^^usquehanna. 
To check its further advance, he spread out his command to cover a 
sweeping stretch of territory, and in this position marched onward 
toward the river. The futility of the movement can readily l)e un- 
derstood, foi- whilst the Federal forces Mere gradually becoming 
scattered and separated, the Confederate commands were gathering 
in strength in the vicinity of Gettysburg. AVe shall now follow the 
course of the Union army in its pursuit of Lee's command after 
the battle of ( 'hancellorsville. 

The advance of the Federal forces toward the field of Gettys- 
burg, from June ^Gth to July 1st, LS63, was mainly to oppose the 
invasion of Lee's army, which had already reached the borders of 
Pennsvlvania. The approach to Gettysburg of the various brigades, 
divisions and corps as here exiilained are similarly described in the 
official reports of the Adjutant General's Department, compiled 
under the direction of Brigadier General Eichard C. Drum and 
l)ublished in the records of the Gettysburg campaign. 

June :20, LS63 — Headquarters of the Army of the Potomac 
moved from Fairfax Court House. Va., to Poolesville, Md.; the First 
Corps from Harnesville to Jefferson, Md.; the Second Corps from 
Gum Springs, Va., to the north side of the Potomac at Edward's 
Ferrv; the Third Corps from the mouth of the ]\Ionocacy to Point 
of Eocks, ]\Id.; the Fifth Corps from Aldiu, Va., via Carter's Mills, 
Leesburg and Fdward's Ferry, to within 4 miles of the mouth ()f the 
]\Ion.ocacv, Mtl.: the Sixth Corps from Germantown and C^entreville 



— 10 — 

to Di-aiii'svillc. \:i.: ilie- Klrveiitli ('orp.s IVuiu .Te'litTsoii to Middle- 
town. MA.: tliL' 'I'wrirtli ('or]».s froiii Lee.sbur^, \'n,^ via Edward"? 
Forrv. to the inoutli of tlie ^[ouocacy, ^Id.: and tlie Cavalry Corps 
(Hnford's and Crregg's Divisions) from Aldie to Leesbuig, Va. 
Staliel's Cavalry Division was cii rouJr l)etweeu the Potomac and 
Frederick, Md. Crawford's l^'imsylvania Iieserves ]nov('(l from 
Vienna to Goose Creek. Va 

Comlxds: Skirmish near (K'ttysbiirg. Pa. 

June 27 — Headquarters Army of tlie Potomac moved from 
Poolesville to Frederick, Md.; the First Corps from Jefierson to^Iid- 
dletown, Md.; the Second Corps from near Edward's Ferry, via Pooles- 
ville, to Baniesville, Md.; the Third Corps from Point of Rocks, 
via Jefferson, to ]\Iiddletown, Md.; the Fiftli Corps from a point be- 
tween Edward's Ferry and the month of the Monocacyto Ballinger's 
Creek, near Frederick, ]\Id.; the Sixth Corps from Dranesville, A'a., 
via Edward's Ferry, to near Poolesville, Md.; the Twelfth Corps 
from near the month of the Monocacy, via Point of Eocks, to Knox- 
vilk'. Md.; Bnford's Cavalry Division from Leesburg, Va., via Ed- 
Avard's Ferry, to near Jefferson, Md.; Gregg's Cavalry Division from 
Leesburg. Va.. via Edward's Ferry, toward Frederick, ]\Id.; and the 
Artillery Peservc from Poolesville to Frederick, Md. Stahel's 
Cavalry Division reached Frederick, Md. Crawford's Pennsylvania 
Reserves moved from Goose Creek, A'a., via Edward's Ferry, to the 
moutli of the Monocacy, Md. 

( Uinihiiis : Skirmish near Fiiirfax Court Plonse, Va. 

Jniw ■•*S — The First Corps marched from Middletown to Fred- 
erick ; the Second Corps from Barnesville to Monocacy Junction : 
the Third Cor})s* from Aliddletown to near AVoodsborough ; the 
Sixth Corps from near Poolesville to Hyattstown ; the Eleventh 
Cor})s from Middletown to near Frederick, and the Twelfth Corps 
from Knoxville to Frederick. Buford's Cavalry Division moved 
from near Jefferson to Middletown; Gregg's Cavalrv Div 



t>& 



nsion 



*^Iaj. (tcii. I). E. Sickles resumed command of the Third Corps, relievx. 
ing ^laj. (tC'ii. D. I>. Birney, wiio hail Ijeen lemporariiy in command. 



— 11 — 

reached Frederick and marched thence to New Market and Kidge- 
ville. Crawford's Pennsylvania Reserves marched from the mouth 
of the Monocacy and joined the Fifth Corps* at Ballinger's Creek. 
StaheFs Cavalry Division was assigned to the Cavalry Corps, as the 
Third Division, under Brig. Gen. Jndson Kilpatrick, with Brig. 
Gen. Elon J. Farnsworth commanding the First Brigade and Brig. 
Gen. Geo. A. Custer commanding, the Second Brigade. 

Conibcds: Skirmishes between ()ff'utt"s Cross-Roads and Seneca, 
and near Rockville, Md., and at Fountain Dale, Wrightsville, and 
near Oyster Point, Pa. 

June 2f) — Headquarters Army of the Poiomac moved from Fred- 
erick to Middleburg; the First and Eleventh Corps from Frederick 
to Emmitsburg; the Second Corps from Monocacy Junction, via 
Liberty and Johnsville, to Uniontown ; the Third Corps from near 
Woodsborough to Taneytown ; the Fifth Corps from Ballinger's 
Creek, via Frederick arid Blount Pleasant, to Liberty; the Sixth 
Corps from Hyattstown, via New Market and Ridgeville, to New 
Windsor; the Twelfth Corps from Frederick to Taneytown and 
Bruceville ; Gamble's (^First) and Devin's (Second) Brigades of 
Buford's (First) Cavalry Division, from Middletown, via Boons- 
'borough, Cavetown and Monterey Springs, to near Fairfield; Mer- 
ritt's Reserve Cavalry Brigade, of the same Division, from Middle- 
town to Mechanicstown ; Gregg's (Second) Cavalry Division from 
New Market and Ridgeville to New Windsor; Kilpatrick's (Third) 
Cavalry Division from Frederick to Littlestown ; and the Artillery 
Reserve from Frederick to Bruceville. 

Combats.: Skirmishes at Muddy Branch and Westminster, Md., 
and at McConnellsburg and near Oyster Point, Pa. 

June 30 — Headquarters Anny of the Potomac moved from 
Middleburg to TaneytoAvn ; the First Corps from Emmitsburg to 
Marsh Run; the Third Corps from Taneytown to Bridgeport; the 



*Maj. Gen. George C. Meade relinquished command of the Fifth. 
Corps to Maj. Gen. Geo. Sykes, and assumed command of the Army of 
the Potomac, relieving 3Iaj. Gen. .Joseph Hooker. 



— V'i — 

Fil'lli Corps froiii Liberty, via .Idhiisv ill.-. I'liiun Uridine ami riimn, 
tt' riiioii ^lills; ihc Sixtli Corps from Xew "Wiiid^^or to ^^Iiuichestvr; 
tlif 'J'woli'th C;ori).s IVoni Tuueytovvii ami ]>riiceville to Littiestowii ; 
(Jaml)lc's and Doviii's Brigades, of Pniford's Cavalry Division, from 
near l-'airlield. \ ia Kiiimitsburg, to (iettysburg; Cregg's Cavalry 
Division IVoiii \e\v Windsor to Westminster, and tlience to Man- 
chester; Ivilpatrick's Cavalry Division from Littlestovvn to Hanover; 
and the Artillery Ileserve from Hrueeville to Taneytown : Kenly's 
and .Morris" brigades, of French's Division, left ^laryland Heights 
I'm- l''i\'derick, and Elliott's ami Smith's Brigades, of the same Divi- 
sion, moved from the Heights, liv wav of the Chesapeake and Ohio 
Canal, for Washington. 

Combatu: Action at Hanover, Pa. Skirmishes at Wesrminster, 
Md.. and at l'"airlield and Sporting Hill, near Harrisburg. 

■J 1(1 11 1 — First Corps moved from ^larsh Hun: Eleventh Corps 
from Emmitsburg to Gettysburg; Second Corps from Uniontown, 
via Taneytown, to the vicinity of Gettysburg ; Third Corps from 
Bridgeport, via Emmitsburg, to the field of Gettysburg; Fifth 
Corps from Tnion ]\Iills, via Hanover and McSherrystown. to 
Bonaughtown ; Sixth Corps from Manchester to Gettysburg; 
Twelfth Cor})S from Littlestown to the field of Gettysburg. 
Gregg's Cavalry Division marched from Mancliester to Hanover 
Junction; Huey's Brigade returned to Milnchester ; Ivilpatrick's 
Cavalry Division moved from Hanover to Berlin: Hansom's and 
Fitzhugh's Artillery Heserves marched froiu Taneytown to a point 
in the vicinity of Gettysburg; Standard's Vermont Brigade were 
ordered from the defences of Washington and joined the First 
Corps on the field of Gettysburg; Smith's First Division of the 
Department of the Susquehanna marched from the vicinity of 
Harrisburg to Carlisle, and Kenly's and Morris' Brigades of 
French's Division readied Frederick en, rovfe to Gettysburo-. 



u — 




J\)e pirst Day's pi^l^t. 

JULY 1ST, 1863. 



THE BATTLE IS INAUGURATED AT 9 A. M. BY AN ENGAGEMENT ON SEMINARY RIDGE. BETWEEN 

BUFORD'S CAVALRY AND HETH'S DIVISION OF HILL'S CORPS — THE DEATH OF GENERAL 

REYNOLDS— THE CONFEDERATES OCCUPY GETTYSBURG— THE FEDERAL FORCES ARE 

REPULSED AND RETIRE TO CEMETERY HILL— THE BATTLE CONTINUES NEARLY 

SEVEN HOURS— NIGHT ON THE BATTLEFIELD. 



(TTs STATED in the introductory of this little work, it is not our 
/iX purpose or desire to present in these pages a, detailed account 
of the great Battle of Gettysburg. We have sifted and in- 
vestigated a vast accumulation of data, selecting the jiith and sub- 
stance of facts likely to prove interesting to the reader, who has 
neither ])atience nor inclination to delve into an elaboration of war 
history. As our research has been careful, precise and complete, 
we feel justified in claiming that the information herein j^resented 
is authentic ; if not, then the true history of that awful battle has 
yet to be written. 

The determination of Lee to threaten Baltimore was thwarted. 
The progress of his army was practically impossible without en- 
countering the Union forces. In the early morning of July 1st, 
(ieneral Hill, following the course of Early, advanced toward the 
low ridges about two miles north and Avest of Gettvsburg, and there 
met Buford's f'avalry j)0sted in a commanding i)osition on the low 
iiills and in the fields adjacent the Chambersburg road bevond 
tSeminary Kidge. Buford's skirmish line extended from the inter- 



— 15 — 

section of Millerstown road and Willoughby Run, thence on the 
left bank of that stream crossing- Mnmniasburg, Carlisle and Plar- 
risburg jikes. The positions thus occupied ]iractically covered all 
l)oints of the enemy's approach. The guns of Buford's light bat- 
teries were planted to cover the roads likely to be used in the first 
advance of the Confederates. It was Heth's Division of Hill's 
Corps that opened the attack. The great Battle of Gettysburg Avas 
inaugurated. A sharp and determined skirmish fire had been main- 
tained for nearly an hour, when Heth's Division was reinforced by 
the ai'rival of artillery, which at once opened lire on Buford's bat- 
teries. The combat raged Avith terrific earnestness. The shrieking 
shot, the bursting shell and the deafening boom of the great guns 
added consternation and ten'or to the awful scene. The situation 
was desperate. Buford's gallant command was greatly outnumbered 
at tlie beginning of the conflict ; he anxiously awaited reinforce- 
ments, without which a crisis would soon ensue. Gen. Reynolds, 
away in advance of his corps, brought the encouraging assurance to 
Buford that aid would soon be given. He directed Buford to main- 
tain his position, and determined to concentrate the entire right 
wing of the army at the scene of the contest. Cutler's Brigade of 
Wadsworth's Division, (First Corps), led the advance in the rein- 
forcement of Buford's Cavalry. The 76th and 147th New York 
and the 56th Pennsylvania went with Wadsworth to the right of the 
Confederate line and north of the old Tape-Worim Railroad.* 
The 14:th Brooklyn and the 95th New York, together with Hall's 
Maine Battery, occupied a position south of the Tape- Worm Rail- 
road grading. The battery was located on the Chambersburg pike. 
The infantry of Cutler's Brigade at once engaged in action. Gen. 
Doubleday, with the remaining regiments of the First Corps, 
arrived upon the scene and checked the advance of the Confederate 
lines on the Fairfield and Hagerstown roads. The Ii*on Brigade, 
commanded by Col. Morrow, of the 21:th Michigan, attacked the 
Confederate force of Archer's Brigade, Third Corps. This attack 
had scarcely commenced when the 2d Wisconsin, under Col. Fair- 

*Now the Western Maryland's "Gettysburg Shout Line." 



— lb — 

tii'M. (lashcil ii|Miii the right ihuik of Arclu;r*s c(tiiiiiiaml, caiiluring 
ArclKT and iicafly a tliousaiid of his men. During tlic charge of 
the Iron liriguJe, Genenil lleyuolds was. killed. Ik* was sitting 
on liis horse near the edge of a wood in consultation with his staff. 
He is su])])Osed to have been shot by a ('onfederate sluirpshooter 
secretcil ill the adjacent woods. 

Gen. I ><iiihled,iv now assumed conuiiand. Cutler's Brigade 
had been forced Ijack toward Gettysburg. Their retreat was 
checked by the prompt action of Doul»leday, who sent reinforce- 
ments to engage the enemy. At noon a lull in the battle occurred. 
It was a welcome relief. Hetli reorganized his sliattered forces. 
The Federals were reinforced by Pender's Division and two divi- 
sions of tlie First Corps, under Eowley and Eobinson. The battle 
again commenced Avith renewed determination on both sides. The 
Confederates were soon encouraged by the arrival of Ewell witli 
Stonewall dackson's veterans. The veterans secretly occupied every 
available position not directly exposed to the Union line. When, 
however, the effects of their telling fire revealed their hiding places, 
Devin's Cavalry drove them temporarily from their stronghold. At 
1 P. M. Gen. Howard arrived upon the field and took command, 
relieving Gen. Doubleday. Vigorous and repeated assaults were made 
against the First and Eleventh Corps by Gens. Ewell and Hill, whose 
united commands numbered about 50,000. The Union forces were 
driven back toward (rettysburg. The retreat Avas orderly and delib- 
erate, until the town was reached, but once Avithin the narroAV con- 
fines of the streets the rapid fire of the Confederate batteries dealt 
terrible destruction, especially in the rear of the retreating Federals. 
Confusion jirevailed, over 1,200 Federals Avere made prisoners i)i less 
than half an hour. All Avho escaped took u]) a strong position on 
Cemetery Hill. The Confederates occupied the tOAvn. Thus ended 
the battle of July 1st, 1863. 

The results of the first day's battle may Ije briefiy sunnned up 
as follows 

The odds Avere greatly against the Union forces in the number 
of men engaged in the conflict. The Federals ended the day 




MCPHERSON'S WOOD. 



17 



— IS — 

(ii.<l)iiitc(L (liix.'ii liDiii llu'ir jiosiiidiis aixl almost disorgaiii/A'd Ijy a 
})a!iic. 'riic Cunl't'tleralL'S muiv in a coiKlition ol' (.'Xiiltuiit excite- 
iiieiit, and st'ciiicd t-agt-r to ivJU'W lliu contest, liest lor the Aveary 
soldiri's, iv.st Ibr one briid" nigiit, ])t'rhap,s to be tlioir last on earth. 
Only a few hours ix'sjiitc tVoni scenes of death and desolation. 
Tliouglils tiirninL;' honu-ward, picturing the forms and faces of 
lovi'd ones, who might never again gaze u])on the features of hus- 
band, father or l)rother. In the stilhiess of that solemn lught 
the soldier's jtrayi'i' was uttered in earnest sup})licatiou for ])eace 
and lionie. The true soldier is not lie who revels in a victory of 
blood and destruction, l)ut i-allur is he the hero Avho glories in 
the restoration of jjcuce, and rejoices because the war is over. 







19 — 



J\)e Second Day's pi^t?t. 



WAITING FOR THE DAWN— THE FORCES ARE BROUGHT INTO POSITION— MORNING SKIRMISHES— AR- 
RANGING THE PLANS OF ACTION — A LONG INTERVAL OF SILENCE AND ANXIETY — THE BATTLE 
IS RENEWED AT 3.30 P. M. — TH2 PEACH ORCHARD — DEVIL'S DEN AND WHEAT-FIELD 
ENGAGEMENTS — DESPERATE FIGHTING — VINCENT OCCUPIES LITTLE ROUND 
TOP — REPULSE OF LONGSTREET — GULP'S HILL ATTACKED BY 
EWELL — THE CONFEDERATE FORCES ARE DEFEATED— DARK- 
NESS ENDS THE CONFLICT AT 9 P. M. 



"Oh God of Battles, steel my soldiers" hearts; 
Strike them not with fear, Oh Lord ; 
Xot to-day, not to-day." 

T~\IGHT on the Icittlelield — ;i sultry night, ;i night of dreadful 
X/ anticipation, a few hours respite from niad and thundering 
sounds of war, that tell the story of death and desolation. 
AVorn and weary the vast legions of two great armies rest from the 
exhausting conflict of the day. Comrades utter tlieir last good-bye ; 
hands are clasped in token of kindred sympathy, and soldier hearts 
res])ond to sentiments of loyalty and comradeship. AVho among- 
them will be missing, who will be absent when roll is 
called after to-morrow's carnage? The one earnest 
hope, the one universal desire silently cherished by 
many and openly asserted by tliousands is, that the 
conflict of the second day would jorove decisive. The 
silence of night is frequently broken by the echoing 
notes of deliant war songs — at intervals the sharp 
ciMck of a rifle is heard vibrating through the 
hills — and thus through the fitful hottrs the con- 
tending forces await the dawn of day. General 
Meade reached the battlefield at 1 A. M., and at 
^^^ once proceeded to investigate the positions 
of his troops. The Eleventh Corps 








lift 



— 20 — 

was ill jiossc's-sidii <•!' ( 'nncliiv Hill. Scliiirz".s l)ivisioii hail roii- 
(vntrali'tl on the lialtiiiKHc loail. with Stciiiwelir on the ]vl\ ami 
Aini'.s oil the i-ii;lil. 'i'lic I'MrsI Corps was somewhat scattered. 
Wiulswoiili oreiiiiicd ('iil[i"s Hill; Doiihleday. who had ])laced <Ieii. 
Newton ill (■oniiiiand of the coriis. held his tlivisioii in Scliuiv/s rear, 
and Ii'oliinsoii's I )ivisioii extended its force across the 'J'aiieytov. n 
road iti /c'i_i:ler's (;rove. (leii. Hancock's reserve protected the 
Fedi'ral front to the left. The line Avas now complete to the Hound 
To])s. Williams' Division was locatetl on the hunks of Jiock Creek. 
Hirney, in command of (Irahanrs ami M'ard's brigades, concentrated 
his force along the extended ridges of Cemetery Tlill. The artillery 
of the two corps Avas ])lanted on Cemetery Hill, and ]>rotected, by 
light earthworks. At the first dawn of day 31eade hastened the 
arrival of his delaved forces: this was accomplished l)y lorced 
and rapid marches. AVith the exception of the Sixth Corps, the 
entire army had arrived before 10 A. ^i. 

The })osition of the C'onfederate forces at daybreak revealed 
Ewell's Corps in line of liattle, with Early in the centre, fronting 
the ridge between C'emetery Hill and ('nip's Ilill. Iihodes with a 
portion of his rommand at the foot of Cemetery Hill on the right. 
Johnson occujjying Ik'nner's Hill on the left. The Divisions of 
Pender and Heth had not changed the positions taken on tin- lirst 
day — Heth on the right and IVnder on the left "iilong the ridge. 
The Divisions of Hood, Anderson, Laws and Pickett arrived in 
the vicinity of rxettysbnrg at 9 A, 31, The entire morning was 
occnpied by the arrival and disposal of trooj^s. I"p to !• o'cduck 
not a shot had been lired. The ]ire]>arations for battle continued 
withiKit annoyance on i-ither side. The skirmish lines were activelv 
engaged for several hours, but the liour of noon had passed and 
yet the battle had not comnieiieed. The Confederate troops then 
moved toward the south in the diri'ction of Emmitsbnrg road. 
Sickles determined to occujty the road, and hurrying his command 
onAvard he took })ossession of Sherfy's Peach Orchard. His force, 
however, Avas not snflHcient to hold it. The Confederate batteries 
poured shot and slu'll ihu-k and fnrious into the ranks of 8iekle*.s 



— 22 — 

troo]is, r(ill(>\\c<l almost -iiiiiill:iiirnii>l\ l.y a tm-itic lire of iiiiis- 
kctrv IVoiii llootl's |)i\i.-ioii. 'I'lii' lialilc hail (■oimiifiicfil in c-ariiest. 
The Wvv of tlic Confclriatc arlilln'v was t.'rrilic. J.oiigstreet, in 
llic iiii'aiiliiiif. lia<l i|iii.'lly coiicciit i-alcd liis force, and w.ie iiiov- 
iim- onwai'il lo allack Meade's ex I rciiic l<'ft. Ilelirst ( iicouiiteiX'd 
W'ai-d's coiiiinand. which was iiiiahic to withstand Longstreet's. 
furious oiishiu-lit. The l^lh Maine and 4(ith .New York Kegi- 
lucuts were hurried to \\ai-d"s as>i>tauer. 'I'he Maine Ixegimeut 
liehl a i)o>ition to tlie hft of the Wheat Fiekl l)ehind the stone 
walL 'Idh' alta(d< of the Confederates now hecanie general against 
Birnev's eutii-c line. I )e Trohi-iand's I roops were subjected to ter- 
rible slaughter. Ai this point, the Ulst I'enusylvania protected 
till' Fedei-al gnus. The ineii wire in a crouching ])osition and 
liiddeii from the enemy. The Confederates swept forward to 
ca[)ture the guns, w lu'U they were suddenly confronted by the 
Penns\l\aiua ti-oo])s. who poured \o!ley after v(d!ey into the ranks 
of the astounded enemy — this was fcdiowed by a des})erate bayonet 
charge and hand to hand engagement. 

Tlu' suddenness of this attack dazed the Confederates. For a. 
moment the line hesitated, then became unnerved and retreated to 
their former [)osition. Whilst tlu' coidlict Avas raging from Peach 
Orchard to IJonnd To}) and Devil's Den, Hood was organizing^ 
a movement to take possession of Little Roitnd Top, which at 
this time was not occujiied. The commanding position of the 
Round 'Tops was in itself a key to the entire line of action, a 
stronghold well worth a des}K'rate effort to possess. This fact had 
not escaped the keen observation of Meade, who hastened Warren 
forward to fortify the heights. Warren reached the Ronnd Tops 
iust in time to witness the Fedi'ral forces driven from the sur- 
ronnding valley. lie hastened to l^ariies' Division, from Avhich he 
detached Vincent's Brigade. Omvard ^\yv\)t the defiant Confed- 
erates like lighting demons — exultant with the flush of certain 
victory. Onward they came in o\('rpowering uundiers, shouting- 
madly as they rushed toward the ravine. N^ow their advance is 
checked, thev are eonfroiite(l l)vthc 1 loth Xew York. 4th Massa- 



— 24 — 

(husolls iiiiil f.tli i\ru .IcrsfV. Willi iiiaddcHiMl foivi' tin- Confed- 
erates cluir^v and pcinl inir tli<-rnii»ii liiu.-. In a few nioiUL'iits 
thousands sc:ilc tlir slupcs of ilif KNnind 'I'op.-. 'I'ln.- heights are 
sc'emiii;!i\ dcl'rncclrs.-. Imt alas i'ur tin- uncci'taintirs of war, they 
are gret'tcd ^\ itli a tcrrilic lirr liy \'iiicent"s lirigad^', aided hy Ilaz- 
lett's lialti'i'N and \]u- IKitli \f\\ ^'oi k. ctininiandrd l)y O'lloiii'ke. 
In desi)ei'ati(>n almost akin to fiTnz\ tlir coniliatants tight for vic- 
torv. 'ri'.c o])|torliinity is one that dmiands every saeritiee, and so 
"fu ih) or id t/ir." is the token of iU'ti'nninalio!i depicted in each 
Avar-grimed countenance as the ilesjiei-ate shiughter continues. ^ in- 
ceiit. Ihtzlett and O'lJourke ai'e killed, ,.nd <ien. Weed is mortally 
AvouncU'd. (ien. IJice assumes command. At this juncture G.eu. 
Chamherlain aiTives with the 2()th :\raine: the Confederates waver, 
but only for a momcii!. The tigiit is renewed Avith increased earn- 
estness. 'Vhv comhined forces of Itice and Chamherlain finally 
succeed in driving the Confederates fi'om tlie ravine, and Kound 
Top is safe for the moment. But soon a new da.ngei- threatens. 
The First and Second Divisions of the Fifth Corps iioav attack the 
Confederate forces in the valley. The Fedci-als ai-e repulsed. In 
two extended lines Confederate reinforcements a])proach ; once more 
it seems that Southern valor Avill gain the heights. Again they rush 
toward the hill-side. The front i-anks have just reached the ravine, 
Avhen McCan Mess, in command of Crawford's Pennsylvania Re- 
serves, unexpectedly ap})eai's on IJound Tojt's summit. A deadly 
and remorseless fire is poured upon tlie dismayed Confederates, 
They cannot Avithstand the mighty storm of fire and lead. Volley 
after vollev is directed at short range into their very bosoms, but 
with courage Avorthy even of an enemy's admiration, they continue 
to climb the slope. CraAvford now gives his men the command 
to charge. Such desperate opposition is beyond the limit of mortal 
resistance. The Reserves rush doAvn the hill Avith Avild and im- 
])etuous force, their glistening bayonets dealing death and destruc- 
tion in the ranks of the now demoralized enemy. The Confederates 
are routed, and Ronnd To}) is saved. In the meantime, Longstreet 
has prepared for a final attack on the left of the Union line. With 



— 20 — 

I'luiii Willi aii'l Wniiii'l 'l'"l' iH'W ill itos.sc.-siDii <>f tlie FedeniLs, it 
,v;is iiiipossililc f<ii- 11(1(1(1 i(. advance liis I roops to aid l.ongstreet. 
The uttai-k Avas made by iIk' ihcii available tni-cesof Wilcox, Barks- 
daleaiid MeLaws. e(.miiiaiided by Longslreel. 'I'he li-htiiig l)ecame 
terrilic. Iiisjiired I'V the liravery ol" Uarksdale, his conniiaiid sweeps 
furioiislv upon the Federals, liarksdale is killeil. and ihus dis- 
coui-au-ed by the loss of their coimiiaiider. his followers retreat. 
Duriii-- this coiilHet .m the lefi. a portion of EwelTs Corps, com- 
prisii!-- Hoke's and May's lirigades, attack the Federal stronghold 
on Cemetery Hill. The skirmishers of the Union line are ronted, 
andthi'ii across th.e valley the - Lmi isiitini Tiijcrs" wildly rush toward 
the hill. V\) t he declivity they (diari;ed, yelling like angry " denions 
of /nrr." <irape and canister raked them right and left, yet onward 
thev rushed into the very midst (d' the Federal batteries, spiking 
the guns and engaging in hand to hand conflict with their oppo- 
nents. Tlie contest is brief l)ut ivplete with desi)eration. Every 
inch of ^a-ound is disputed with maddened fury. The hill top 
is surmounted bv Kiekett's and \\edriek's batteries. To the right^ 
on an elevation that is practically the beginning of Culp's Hill, 
was i)lanted Stevens' Bettery. 'Jdie " Fouisiana Tigers'' were first 
stihiected to a raking fire from the guns of these condjined bat- 
teries, vet through it all the "Tigers" kept onward, filling up the 
gaps caused 1)V the frightful slaughter of their comrades. The fame 
of the "Louisiana Tigers" existed in their ])ast record; success 
had never failed them. This was the hour of their greatest trial; 
they were facing the test of death and could not falter. They 
reached the heights. Leaping over the stone walls, the "Tigers'* 
seize the guns, confusion and bedlam ])revails whilst the fight con- 
tinues. The men at the guns are fairly overpowered by the de- 
moniac fury of their assailants. Just at the moment when victory 
for the "Tigers" seemed certain, the men of Carroll's Brigade 
reinforce the Federal position, and rush with determination u})on 
the almost exhausted Confederates, who unable to coi)i' with the 
odds now against them, lose courage and retreat, whilst the Ijat- 
teries again open a deadly fire upon them. The organization of the 



— 28 — 

*' J.Dui-iaiia 'I'ii^ors" uas almost aimihilakMl, l)ut Hk- record of 
tlieir famous cliariiv will ever l»c remembered us oiu' of the most 
notable incidents of the battle of Gettysburg-. 

A greater portion of tlie Tnioii force had ])eeii withdrawn from 
Cuip'.s Hill to aid in the reinforcement of Sickles. An onslaught 
uj)Oii this stronghold is made by Johnson's Division, and after a 
stubborn resistance he succeeds in capturing the works. Owing to 
the darkness, which ])roved a welcome ivlief io both ai-nues, the 
importance of the ])osition Johnson hud uttuined could not fully 
be realized. He therefore decided to uwait the dawn of day liefore 
advuncing. The battle of the second day is ended. The Con- 
federates huve not achieved the results that might Inne been 
expected from such vast sacritices. They have, however, gained 
decided advantages on the left of the line of battle, and Lee is en- 
couraged to force the attack. The position of ^leade is critical. 
His losses are frightful to contemplate. Twenty-two thousand 
killed and wounded have seriously depleted the rank and tile of the 
Union Army, yet the fight must be continued at least another day, 
and so the preparations progress throughout the night for the final 
scenes, the deciding events of the mighty struggle on the tield of 
Oettvsburg. 




21) — 








L i A^..^^ ^ \^, 



1 «r^ 



^ ,vA 



^x-^.^A. 



5176 6\}'wd Day's Fi?J?t. 



JULY 3d, 1863. 



AN EARLY MORNING ATTACK BY THE FEDERALS — REPULSE OF THE CONFEDERATES — CAPTURE OF 

GULP'S HILL — AN ATT/\CK ON THE CONFEDERATE TRAINS" AN ARTILLERY CONFLICT— 

THE FAMOUS CHARGE OF GEN. PICKETT— DEFEAT OF THE CONFEDERATE 

FORCES — TERMINATION OF THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 



X I fHE first ray of early dawn luul scarcely lightened the shadows 
&J^ of night ere the conflict of the third day is commenced. The 
great fight had already waged with bitter determination and 
defiance. Desolation reigned supreme. The battlefield for miles 
snrronnding the war-ridden village of Gettys])nrg Avas strewn Avith 
the dead and A\onnded of either army, and mingled Avith the groans 
of the dying could be heard the exultant shout of sturdy warriors 
who, eA'en in the heat and passion of battle, seemed eager for the 
conflict to be decided on this the third day of carnage and death. 
The sacrifice had l)een frightful to contemplate. Gen. ^Meade 
doubted the expediency of continuing the battle, fearing that 
another day of slaughter such as had terminated Avith the contest 
of the second day might witness the annihilation of his valorous 
soldiers. He, however, reluctantly decides that the light nuist be 
continued, and so the hours of night and early morning are engaged 
in i)reparing for the final struggle. The strength of both armies is 
carefully estimated, and the importance of every position occupied 
by either side on the night of July 2d is duly considered as a pre- 



— 30 — 

liiuiiiaiN iiirasnif to tlic rniewal nl tliL- conibiit. 'J'he weak jjoiiits 
are strengtluiicd and the liiu'S <>(' battle changed to meet tlie possi- 
ble and exi)ected emergencies of the third day's fight. In tlie early 
morning the Confederate forces moved toward Gulp's Hill, to which 
})oint the divisions of TJeary and linger had previously been ordered. 
CJearv took his ])osition on (ireene's right, whilst liuger concentrated 
his force in the rear of Johnson. The march of the Confederates 
was intercepted by Ceary, and an engagement at once ensued. This 
served as a signal that the battle had commenced, and directed the 
attention of the Federal artillery, which blazed into the enemy's 
lines with sucli relentless vigor that the Confederates were unable 
to place their batteries in any position from which an effective re- 
sponse could be given. The Federal infantry tired with great effec- 
tiveness, and for a time the Southerners seemed bewildered by the 
situation. They charge the enemy with valorous determination, but 
being surrounded and practically hemmed in by a raking fire of 
grape and canister, they resort to a hand-to-hand conflict with the 
Union troops, thereby placing them in equally hazardous positions. 

The day advances, and the intense heat of the sun overpowers 
many of the combatants. It was in this dreadful struggle that the 
veteran command of Gen. Stonewall Jackson made a desperate but 
fruitless charge upon Kane's Brigade of Geary's Division. At 8 A. 
M. a brief cessation of hostilities ensued. The" lull in the battle 
enabled Johnson to realize the futility of further resistance at that 
point. The men of Geary's Divi&ion with renewed vigor again 
charge the Confederate lines. Step by step Johnson yields his posi- 
tion. AVith a mighty yell of victory the Union forces again occupy 
the breastworks of Gulp's Hill, and the attempt to turn the Federal 
right was practically ended. 

Thwarted at the left, repulsed at the right, Lee has but one 
more chance, viz : to penetrate the centre of the Union lines ; either 
he must achieve victory at that point or withdraw his army in re- 
treat and defeat. This last and vital move must decide the issues 
of the battle and turn the tide of victory for or against the valorous 
Commander of the Confederacy. 



— 32 — 

i-'nr Iliis <l(.'S|iiTat(' and (•(mra;:cniis umUTtakiiig Ltr li us reserved 
I'ickctrs Division— a hrave and valiant Land that well deserved the 
title ronl'erivd npon ihein. •■ llir priilr <if th^' <jr((nd old CoiiniKiHirndlh 
of' Viniiiiid." Heroes wortliy of tlic name, connnanded hy a cliiel- 
taiii who held tlie conlidenee i.f liis men so ini])licitly that their 
faith in liis generalshi]) would willin.trly have h'd l!iein onward in 
the fuee of certain deatli at the word of their heloved commander. 
Pickett's Division were huoyed with rlic ciitiiusiasni of war. They 
have not vet l)een cnuu.ued in tlie contest, 'i'licir full strength is 
reserved for the grand and liiial attacdv \\\nn\ the centre of the Fnion 
lines. Tlie forces of T.ongstreet, I Food and McLaws have suf- 
fered such disastrous losses that tliey are in no condition to su])j)ort 
the contemphited t-liarge. Lee tlierefore determines to aid the at- 
tack by concentrating his avaiUihle troops on each liank of Pickett's 
Division wlien tlie charge is made. The Divisioii is formed in two 
distiiK t lines, with Garnett and Kenii)er i)i the lead. su})ported by 
Armistead, with Perry and AVih'ox on liis riglit. Heth's Division, 
commanded l)y l^ettigrew, with two J)rigudes of Pender's Division, 
nnder 'Jh'indjle, is the suppoi't designated to ])rotect on tlie left. 
'J'he ]»osition and work of each ofticer is first explained ])y Pickett. 
The intended assault is not approved by Longstreet. m ho holds a 
conference w'itli Lee. The Confederate Commander will not alter 
liis determination to make this one grand and final etibrt. His 
plans are perfected, and the artillery is given the command to 
"clear the way." The Confederati' batteries are jiosted in position, 
forming a semi-circular line extending from the peach orchard to a 
point east of the Emmitsburg road, Avithiu easy and sweeping 
range of the Union line. This detachment of artillery is com- 
manded by Colonel Alexander. On the right of the peach orchard. 
are located the batteries of Major Henry. The Washington Artil- 
lery, with the battalions of Cabell and Hearing, occupy a position to 
the right of Alexander's Batteries. The artillery supporting- the 
Union line on tlie right Avas planted on Cemetery Hill, and consisted 
of the batteries of Eicketts, Digler, Bancroft, AViedrick, Eakin, Hill, 
Taft and AVheeler, all nnder the command of ]\rajor Osborn. On 



— 34 — 

(lie li'fl of tlic Federal line the batteries of Thompson, Phillips, 
llarl, 'I'lioiiias Sterlill<_^ ('oo])er Ames, Dow and Iioch were located, 
and extending from the south of Ziegler's Grove and fronting Gen- 
eral :Vleade*s ]ieud(|uarter8 were the batteries of Gushing, Brown, 
Woodruff. Arnold and IJorty. directed ])y Major McGilvery. The 
heio-hts of Little Hound Toii were held li\ IJittenhouse and (4ibbs. 
The supjiort of ilic batteries comprised Robinson's division of the 
First Corps, located at Ziegler's Grove, reinforced on the left by- 
Don bleday's Division of th.e First and Hay's and Gibbons' Divisions 
of the Second Corps. The extreme left of the Federal lines was 
])rotected by i)ortions of the Third, Fifth and Sixth Corps, and 
Caldwell of the Second. Several liouis had thus been occupied in 
])rei)aration for the Una! attack — a earnage that Avas to decide the 
result of the great battle. It* was near ] P. M. when Longstreet, 
with great reluctanee, sent his messenger to Colonel Walton with 
instructions to lire tlie signal gun. In jjrompt res])onse the Wash- 
ington Artillei-y on the right fired two shots. The signal was un- 
derstood by both armies. The vil)rating echoes had scarcely died 
awav when the entire ('onfederate line of one hundred and thirty- 
eight cannon Itlazed with the thunders of war, and send their mes- 
sengers of shot and shell sweeping toward the P'ederal lines. The 
Union batteries did not respond Avith the promptness anticipated by 
the Confederates. Fifteen minutes elapsed, during Avhich time 
Ger. Hunt made a careful survey of the jtosition of the enemy's 
batteries, u})on Avhicli he desires to concentrate the most effectiA'a 
tire. NoA\- the Federal batteries open upon the Confederate lines. 
Two hundred guns are sending forth their missiles of death. The 
air is liurdened Avith hissing shot and bursting shells. The earth 
trend)les ; the slaughter is appalling; mighty trees are shattered 
into fragments ; caissons are exploded — a Avhirhvind of destruction 
])revails. Shell after shell bursts Avith death-dealing effect in the 
verv midst of the Federal lines; men are torn liml) from liml) and 
lacerated beyond recognition. This frightful cannonading Avas 
continu.ed Avith remarkable rapidity. The contracted limits of the 
Federal batteries rendi-i-ed it impossible to concentrate their full 



— 35 — 

effect on tlic .strong ])oints lield 1)_\" the ('onfedc'i-ate guns. For a 
time rnin mid dismay ju'cvail wirliiu the T'nion lines. It is in- 
deed an liour of desjiair: death is master. 

Sturdy veterans who liad witnessed the ftiry and desi)eration 
of other ^vars now stand awed at tlie liell of tire, eonfusion and de- 
struction that rages Avitliin tlieir midst. AVlien will it end y When 
"will this frightful sacrifice of human life he complete? Suddenly 
the lire of the Federal gnus on Cemetery Hill is silenced. The 
Confederates inter])ret this cessation to mean that the ammunition 
of the T'nion hatteries at that ])oint has l)een exhausted. Soon, 
liowever, the cannonading ceases all along the Federal line, the fury 
of the conflict subsides, and naught is heard save the thundering- 
•echoes of the Confederate guns, f'he silence of the Federal hat- 
teries is ominous of prejiaration for another line of attack — a eou- 
flict. in fact, tliat is to decide the issues of the day. 
' General Hunt, in expectation of an immediate charge hv the 
•combined infantry of the Confederate forces, had ordered the bat- 
teries to withdraw from action, in order to prepare the field for free 
and determined resistance. The fire of the Confederate artillery 
oeases. Cen. Pickett, Avho is to lead the charge against the Fnion 
lines, gallantly rides tn Longstreet to receive his command to ad- 
Tance. 

Lee is deterndned thai the charge must be made, notwithstand- 
ing Longstreet's opposition. AVheii Pickett asks for orders to 
charge tiie enemy's front, Longstreet ren^dns silent. The hero of 
the famous charge fully comi)rehenils the situation, and Avitli dig- 
nity and fortitude 1x)rn of true heroism, he courteouslv addresses 
his sujaerior officer with the brief but significant remark, '■ I shall 
{/o forward, .v//-.'" The attacking column was at once brought into 
position. A superb line of infaidry, numbering 18,000 men, were 
magnificently arranged in line of l)attle— Pickett's Division on the 
right and P(ttigrew"s on the left. Trimble's Division occupied the 
second line and Anderson's the third. The intervening space be- 
tween the two arnnes is unobstructed, and the perfect tactics of the 
Confederate troops is evidence of their eagerness for the charge. 



— 36 — 

Now liki- a migljiv lioi^t < 1" conciueriiig warriors the Coufedenite 
I)ivi>^ioii!> swet'p urro.s.s tin- plain, jiiarcliing with quickened step, 
yet inoviii::: witli precision and solidity, like an avalanche of un- 
yielding force. Every instant hiings them nearer, still nearer to 
certain death; their si)au of life is lessened with every breath; the 
chasm of eternity saauls ga})iiig to receive them; the scorciiing 
sands of the battlelleld will soon he reeking with the life's hlood of 
men as brave and as loyal to their cause as any who ever faced the 
grim and relentless ])o\vers of warfare. Yet, onward they marched 
directly towai'd the ]»ositiou lield by Hancock. Passing the front 
of Wilcox's comma ud, Pickett orders each brigad<^ to wheel to the 
left, and simultaneously the Federal batteries pour a raking fire 
into the ranks of the marching Confederates. The severity of the 
shock does not check the advance of Pickett's men. Their situa- 
tion is perilous, for now the Federal line is within musket range, 
and a frightful tornado of rifle-balls is rained upon the advancing 
front of the Southerners. Still their ardor is unchecked. Solid 
shot, shell and canister is showered in their midst. Thousands are 
slaughtered as the fury of the charge increases. The men rush 
forward, and (iarnett falls dead Avithin a hundred paces of the 
Union front. His men angered to desperation, dash fitriously on 
the Federal line. Armistead forcing liis command forward reaches 
the front rank and throws the strength of his force upon the Union 
line, between Kemper and (rarnett's men. The shock is for the 
moment irresistible. 

The Confederates have pierced the Federal line, and the latter 
fall back to the earthworks and artillery. Every man is now 
fighting for himself, the commands of officers cannot be heard. 
Regiments are in a state of utter confusion ; friend and foe cannot 
be distinguished; the chaos of war reigns supreme. 

The objective point of tiie Confederates is a clump of trees near 
the angle of the scone wall. Armistead is now dismounted. On 
the j)oint of liis sword he Avav(^s his hat, and rushes forward with 
less than two hundred of his brave followers to attack the Federal 
guns. He reaches Cushing's battery. 



— ;3s — 

C'usliiu,!;- IS fatally womuU'd and falls dead at liis guns. With 
reiiewi'd deterniinatioti Aniiisiead clietTS his iiieii to force the retreat 
of the eiK'iiiy, and wliilst euthused witli liie very exultation of vic- 
t(irv, tiie valiant Confederate is riddled with bullets, and falls dying 
by the side of the gallant ("ushing. 

This locality is known as the -' hhmbj Angle.'' The clump of 
trees represented in oiii- illu^f.-atioii marks the spot Avhere the Con- 
federates juade their extreme and su})reme effort in the famous 
charge. The tide of tlu' onslaught is practically checked at the 
point Avhere Cushijig and Armistead fell. The "Bloody zingle'^ 
has been figuratively designated as "T/ee liigh water-r.iarh of the great 
kttUr:' 

Pickett has penetrated the Union lines, and is reinforced by a 
dashing movement of Wilcox's and Perry's Brigades, who renew the 
assault to the south of Hancock's front. Confederate flags wave 
within the Union ranks. The Federal line continues the attack 
with mad resistance and unconquerable vigor, and but feeble resist- 
ance can be offered. A grand rally is made all along the Union 
front. The artillery sweeps the entire valley Avith. grape and canister. 
Advance is impossible ; retreat means death. Over 4,00() Confed- 
erates surrender their arms and are made jirisoners. The repulse is 
complete, the battle is won, the frightful carnage ended. 

Stuart's Cavalry attempted to attack the right of the Federal 
line ; but the movement was quickly frustrated by Custer's Brigade 
and Gregg's Cavalry. Lee made no further advance, but reluctantly 
withdrew his shattered forces behind Seminary Eidge. 

Early on the morning of July 4th he commenced his retreat 
southward. Xo interruption was offered to his withdrawal. The 
spirit of the Confederate army was still unbroken, and sufficient 
force vet remained to assume the defensive it ayain attacked. 



— 40 — 

On the iiiornin<]^ of July 7tli Lee reached tlie borders of tlie I'oto- 
muc and tliere ordered his coninmnd to entrench. Meade followed 
the same route, and n-achcil tlic cntrenchiuents on the I'^th, in- 
tending to attack thr ( 'onrcdcratc' force on the 13th. At the dawn 
of day Lee's army had disa})i)eared. His trains comprised 2J)()0 
wagons, the majority of which were used for the cfmveyance of his 
wounded. The continuous line of wagons, infantry, cavalry, artil- 
lery. cSl'c, extended a distance of sixteen miles. 



"^Fhe result in losses, as iiere announced, is taken from official 
rei)orts furnished l)y the AVar Department at AYashington, D. C, 
and Avere compiled under the direction of Brigadier-Gen. l\ichard 
C Drum: 

FKDKUAL LOSSES. , COXFKDEKATK LOSSES. 

Killed ?,,0T3 \ Killed 2,593 

Wounded 14,4J»7 Wounded ... . 12,709 

Prisoners n,\r^O Prisoners 5^150 



Total ':2.Tl!i 



Total 20,451 




Sl^e iVatior^al QefT)et(?ry. 



THE NATIONAL CEMETERY— ITS BEAUTIFUL AND APPROPRIATE LOCATION — ADDRESS Of DEDICATION 

Br PRESIDENT LINCOLN — A NOTABLE COINCIDENCE — DESCRIPTION 

O? THE SOLDIERS' MONUMENT. 



'he locution of the National C'Craetery at Gettysburg is on the 
celebrated ridgv adjacent to the town, familiarly knoM'n as 
Cemetery Hill. It contains an area of seventeen acres, and 
occupies a beautiful and commanding position. From the elevation 
-of Cemetery Hill the view of the surrounding country is superb. 
A broad expanse <if fertile ^alleys and plains extend toward the 
north, south and west, to which the mountain cliffs, ridges and 
forests away off in the distance add a charming l)ackground. It 
seems especially appropriate that the site selected for the National 
Cemetery should be a portion of the battlefield. 

From the heights of Cemetery Hill in 18G3, the Union batter- 
ies sent forth in fury their dreadful missies of slaughter and de- 
struction. Xow all is peace, the soldier heroes sleep their last sleep 
beneath the field long since consecrated by their valor and their lives. 
The idea of locating a Xational Cemetery at Gettysburg was sug- 
gested and decided upon Avithin a few days after the Ijattle. 
Prompt and energetic measures Avere adopted by Governor Andrew 
G. Curtain, of Pennsylvania, to obtain Cemetery Hill as the most 
clesiral)le site for the last resting place of the Union dead. His 
efforts Avere ably aided by Hon. David Wills, of Gettysburg, and the 
co-operation of the Federal Governors of all States represented in the 
^reat l)attle. Their efforts Avere crowned with gratifving success. 
The iioble A\'ork inspired Avouderful enthusiasm. The task Avas a 
labor of duty inspired by sympathy and reverence. The grounds 
were at once improved, beautified and prepared for dedication on 
Xovendier 19th, 18G.3, only a little more than four months after 
the l)attle. The services of dedication commenced Avith devotional 
exercises. The opening oration Avas eloquently rendered bv Hon. 
EdAvard Everett. The address of dedication Avas delivered bv 
President Lincoln. His Avords Avere brief and simple, but replete 
with the evidence of that tenderness for which his nature Avas 

noted. 

41 



THE NATIONAL MONUMENT. 



— 43 



&JljCy^ ^<2<-#'X-> Ci^^'\^iX^ ^^-e-^Aenv^ ^<J&.eLytJ ^>'-^ tf^J^^^ 

(/ 



44 



^/^je.^e^C£r*x^ jb-ftC3 G-l^^T-^^^-^H?, G/^A^/^T-^^-^ /^^-e^>^2t^-- 

Oxe^u-zy^ -^^nfJ^^ ly^^''^^^ i^^^r^ a£cr/^^^/c<^ 

yd^/Cj (yCyi^^^^^iht^Cy^^-oi, /[^JiA-^ c^'Ki^.c^ 4^^ i^j-^~^ j/!n*>~ 

^/-ej -tCs-^j^ -riiY'KjL jU-i/r^t/^ /b^^- /::^^c.^ (?Ca^0>c/ /7-^Ml/ 
^Luyr^&C^ X^^tciU^ /^fxjxM^^ /Ke-iA-a^ ^)^ j^^uz^w* /Ui>y7Z^ /rr/^^jotj-^ 
Ax /^ /\ju,^>J!^f /^ i^^ Ji^uz^^Jl^^ ^^.eJSjSJ {h^crCrAju^ 

NoTK. — The fac-siniile of this Address was prepared for the "American 
Orations," published by G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. 



— 45 — 

A notable coiiicideuce is thus reljited in i-oiuu'ctiou with tliL- 
jissociutiou of Lineohi and Everett on the occasion of the dedica- 
tion of the ]Si"ational Cemetery. Tliese distinguished men had 
never met. They Avere formally introduced and exchanged social 
greetings as the orators of the day. After the ceremonies they 
separated, never to meet again. During the candidacy of ]\Ir. Lin- 
coln for President, Mr. Everett was also a candidate for the office- 
of Vice-President on the opposition ticket. Hon. Edward Everett 
died in 1865, only a brief time before Lincohi was assassinated. 

The main entrance, or gatew^ay, to Xational Cemetery fi-onts on 
the Baltimore road, Ayhich at this point is j^ractically the extension 
of Baltimore street, and within fifteen minutes easy w^alk from the 
centre of the town. The massive iron gateway is of beautiful 
design and elaliorate construction. On the supporting pillars is 
artistically designed the names of the States represented in the 
Army of the Potomac and participating in the Ijattle. The inclo- 
sure of National Cemetery is adorned with beautiful flower l)eds, 
verdant huyns, graceful circles, spacious drives and graveled walks. 
The main avenue is guarded on either side by a continuous line of 
majestic trees, that stand forth like sturdy sentinels keeping per- 
petual guard oyer th« graves of sleeping heroes. This splendid 
avenue is one of the most picturesque localities in the cemetery. 
Its grateful shade, its inviting and cleanly surnnindings. always 
prompt the visitor to seek a quiet rest Ayithin its pleasant shelter, 
before meditating upon the sad retrospect that will engage his 
thoughts when he proceeds upon his errand of investigation and 
contemplation. Owing to the elevation of National Cemetery its 
area is constantl}' swept by balmy l)reezes that add refreshing and 
invigorating influence during the summer months. 

Th« main frontage of Xational Cemetery is guarded by a 
heavy iron 'ailing. On two sides it is protected by massive walls 
of stone, broadly capped with granite slabs. Evergreen Cemetery 
adjoins National Cemetery on the w'est side, from which it is sepa- 
rated by a hedge of Avell developed growth. Many of tlie monn- 
ments and memorial tablets located in National Cemetery are of 



— 47 — 

beautiful and costly dcoigu. The Xutioiud Mouumeut is, of course, 
the most elaborate and imjDOsing. Its location is to the right of 
the main avenue, and near the centre of the Cemetery. 

The height of the National Monument is sixty-five feet. The 
pedestal twenty-live feet square is of octagonal shape and substan- 
tial construction. It is surmounted by four figtires representing 
War, History, Peace and Plenty. The composition of the monu- 
ment is gray granite. The shaft supports a beautifully carved 
white marble statue of the Gexius of Liberty holding extended 
in her right hand a latirel wreath, the eml^leni of victory. The 
monument has been ^^rouounced a work of rare and jirtistic excel- 
lence, intelligently suggestive and appropriate. 

The entire structure was designed by J. G. Batterson, of C'on- 
iiecticut. The statues were carved in Italy, under the direction of 
Eandolph Rogers, of ilaryland, a famous sculptor. The total cost 
Avas $50,000. The corner-stone of the monument was laid Jtily 
4, 18G5, in the ]iresence of an assemblage numljering fifty thousand. 
The dedication occttrred Julv 1, 18G9. The soldiers' g-raves, num- 
bering 3,575, are arranged in semi-circular rotation, the lines diverg- 
ing on either side from the Xational ^Monument as a central point. 
Nearly one thousand graves are marked itnknown, and indicated 
only by numbers. Many soldiers are buried in Evergreen Ceme- 
tery, and a vast iitimber of the dead were promptly identified on 
the battlefield and retttrned to their distant homes. 

The following are the States represented and the ntimber of their 
<lead: 

Maine 104 ^larvlaud 22 

New Hampshire. 49 West Virginia 11 

Vermont 61 ! Ohio 131 

3Iassachusetts 158 Indiana . 80 

Rhode Island. 14 Illinois 6 

Connecticut 22 ; Michigan 175 

New York 867 Wisconsin 73 

New Jersey 78 ; 3Iinnesota 56 

Pennsylvania 555 | U. S. Regulars 139 

Delaware 15 I Unknown 978 

Total 3,575 




MONUMENT TO GENERAL GEORGE G. MEADE. 



—49 — 



I^oster of tl?(? P(^d(^ral prn^y, 

ENGAGED IN THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY AND FRIDAY. 
JULY 1st, 2d and 3d, 1863. 



Majou-Generai, GEO. GORDON MEADE (.'ommandinc;. 
STAFF. 
Major-Geiieral Daniel Butteufield, Chief of Staff. 
Brigadier-General M. R. Patrick, Provost- Marshal-Genernl. 

" " Seiu Wiiji.iA'MS, Adjutant- Ge?ieral. 

" " Edmund Schriver, Inspector- Genera I. 

" " RuFus Ingalls, Quartermaster-Oeneral. 

Colonel Henry F. Clarke, Chief Commissary of Subsistence. 
Major Jonathan Letterman, Surgeon, Chief of Medical Departiruent, 
Brigadier-General G. K. Warren, Chief Engineer. 
Major D. "W. Flagler, Chief Ordnance Officer. 
Major-General Alfred Pleasonton, Chief of Cavalry. 
Brigadier-General Henry J. Hunt, Chief of Artillery. 
Captain L. B. Norton, Chief Signal Officer 



Major-Geueral John F. Reynolds,* Co)n)tianding the First, Third and 

Eleventh Corps on July Ist. 
JIajor-General Henry W. Slocum, Commanding the Right Wing on Jidy 2d 

and July '3d. 
Major-General AV. S. Hancock, Commanding the Left Center on July '2d and 

July 'Sd. 



FIRST CORPS. 
Major-General John F. Reynolds, Permanent Comma?ider. 
Major-General Abner Doubleday, Commanding on July 1st. 
3Iajor-General John Newton, Commanding on July 2d and '-jd. 

first division. 

Brigadier-General James S. Wadswortii, Commanding . 

First Brigade. — (1) Brigadier-General Solomon Meredith (wounded) ; (2) 
Colonel Heniy A. Morrow (wounded) ; (3) Colonel W. W. Robinson. 2d 
Wisconsin, Colonel Lucius Fairchikl (wounded), Lieut.-Colonel George H. 
Stevens (wounded), Major John Mansfield (wounded), Captain George H. 



*He M'as killed and succeeded by Major-General O. O. Howard. 



— 50 — 

Otis; Gill Wisconsin, Lieut. -Colonel IJ. K. Dawes; Ttli Wisconsin, Colonel 
W. W. Robinson ; 24tli .Mic lii.iiun, Colonel Ileniy A. ISIoi row (wounded), 
Lieut.-Colonel :M;uk Fhinigan (wounded). Major Edwin B. Wright 
(wounded). Captain Albert M. Edwards ; I'Jtli Indiana, Colonel Samuel 
Williams. 

Scrnnd i?riV/wZe".— Brigadier-General Lysander Cutler, Commanding. 7th 
Indiana, ]\[ajor Ira (t. Grover; 56th Pennsylvania, Colonel J. W. Hoffman; 
Tlith New York, Major Andrew J. Grover (killed), Captain John E. Cook; 
Doth Kew York, Colonel George II. Biddle (wounded), :\Iajor Edward Pye; 
IJTth New York, Lieut.-Colonel F. C. :\Iiller (wounded). Major George 
Harney; 14tli Brooklyn, Colonel E. B. Fowler. 

SECOND DIVISION. 

Brigadier-Cieneral .John C. Robinson Commanding. 

First BrifjatU.—Vtug&dlei- General Gabriel R. Paul Commanding 
(wounded); Colonel S. H. Leonard ; Colonel Richard Coulter. Kith Maine, 
Colonel Charles W. Tilden (captured), Lieut.-Colonel X. E. Welch, INIajor 
Arch. I). Leavitt ; VM\\ jMassachusetts, Colonel S. H.Leonard (wounded); 
94th New York, Colonel A. R. Root (wounded), 3[ajor S. H. jMoffat; 104th 
New York, Colonel Gilbert G. Prey ; lOTth Pennsylvania^ Colonel T. F. 
]McCoy (wounded), Lieut.-Colonel James 3kThompson (wounded), Captain 
E. D. Roath; 11 th Pennsylvania, Colonel Richard S. Coulter, Captain J. J. 
Bierer.* 

Second Brigade. — Brigadier-General Henry Baxter Commanding. 12th 
Massachusetts, Colonel James L. Bates ; 8:jd New York, Lieut.-Colonel 
Joseph R. Moesch; OTthNew York, Colonel Charles Wheelock; 8Sih Penn- 
sylvania, Major Benezet F. Faust, Captain E. Y. Patterson; 90th Pennsyl- 
vania, Colonel Peter Lyle. 

THIKD DIVISION. 

Major-General Abneii Doubledav, Permaneni Commander on July 2d 

(11 id 3d. 

Brigadier-General Thomas- A. Rowley, July 1st. 

First iirii^^^t^t'.— Brigadier-General Thomas A. Rowley, July 2d and 3d; 
Colonel Chapman Biddle, July 1st. 121st Pennsylvania, Colonel Chap- 
man Biddle, Major Alexander Biddle; 142d Pennsylvania, Colonel Robert 
P. Cummings (killed), Lieut.-Colonel A. B. ]\[cCalmont ; l.jlst Pennsylva- 
nia, Lieut.-Colonel George F. McFarlaiid (lost a leg). Captain Walter L. 
Owens ; 20th New York S. M., Colonel Theodore B. Gates. 

Second Brigade. — (1) Colonel Roy Stone Commanding (wounded) ; (2) 
Colonel Langhornj Wister (w ouuded) ; (S) Colonel Edmund L. Dana. 143d 
Pennsylvania, Colonel Edmund L. Dana, Major John D. Musser ; 149th 
Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel Walton Dwight (wounded), Captain A. J. So- 
tield (killed), Captain John Irvin ; l.")Oth Pennsylvania, Colonel Langhorae 



*The Eleventh Pennsylvania was transferred from the Seeoml Briffade. 



— 51 - 

Wisler (wounded), Lieut.-C'olouel H. S. Iluiedekoper (wounded), Majoi 
Thomas Chamberlain (wounded), Captain C. C. Widdis (wounded), Captain 
■G. W. Jones. 

Third Bvvjitde. — Brigadier-General (Jeo. J. Stannard Commanding 
{wounded). 12th Vermont, Colonel Asa P. Blunt (not engaged); 13th Ver- 
mont, Colonel Francis V. Randall ; 14th Vermont, Colonel William T. 
Nichols; loth Vermont, Colonel Redtield Proctor (not engaged); IGth Ver- 
mont, Colonel Wheelock G. Veazy. 

Art'dlery Brirjade. — Colonel Charles S. Wainwriglit Commanding. 2d 
Maine, Captain James A. Hall; 5th Maine, G. T. Stevens; Battery B, 1st 
Pennsylvania, Captain J. H. Cooper ; Battery B, 4th United States, Lieuten- 
ant James Stewart ; Battery L, 1st New^ York, Captain J. A. Reynolds. 



SECOND CORPS. 

Major-General Winfip^ld S. H.vncock, Pennaneni Commander (wounded). 
Major-General John Gibbox (irounded). 
Brigadier-General Jonx C. Caldwell. 

FIRST DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General John C. Caldwell. 
Colonel John R. Brooke ( wounded). 

First Brigade. — Colonel Edward E.Cross (killed); Colonel 11. B. Mc- 
Keen. 5th New Hampshire, Colonel E. E. Cross, Lieut. -Colonel C. E. Hap- 
good ; Gist New" York, Lieut. -Colonel Oscar K. Broady ; 81st Pennsylvania, 
Colonel H. Boyd McKeen, Lieut. -Colonel Amos Stroho; 148th Pennsylva- 
nia, Lieut. -Colonel Robert McFarland. 

Second Bi-igade. — Colonel Patrick Kelly Commanding. 28th Massachu- 
setts, Colonel Richard Byrnes; 63d New York, Lieut .-Colonel R. C. Bent- 
ley (wounded), Captain Thomas Touhy; 69th New York, Captain Richard 
Maroney (wounded), Lieutenant James J. Smith; 88th New York, Colonel 
Patrick Kelly, Captain Dennis F. Burke; llGth Pennsylvania, jNIajor St. 
Clair A. Mulholland. 

Third Brigade. — Brigadier-General S. K. Zook Commanding (killed); 
Lieut-Colonel John Frazer. 53d New York, Lieut. -Colonel Chas. G. Freu- 
denberg (wounded), Captain William Sherrer ; 57th New York, Lieut. - 
Colonel Alfred B. Chapman; GGth New York, Colonel Orlando W. Morris 
(wounded), Lieut. -Colonel John S. Hammel (wounded). Major Peter Nel- 
son ; 140th Pennsylvania, Colonel Richard P. Roberts (killed), Lieut. - 
Colonel John Frazer. 

[Note.— Tidball's Battery of the Second United States Artillery, under Lieuten- 
ant John H. Calef, also fought in the line with the First Corps. Lieutenant Benj. W. 
Wilbur, and Lieutenant George Breck, of Captain Reynold's Battery, and Lieutenant 
Jniaes Davison, of Stewart's Battery, commanded sections which were detached at 
times.] 




MONUMENT TO GENERAL WINFIELD SCOTT HANCOCK. 



— 53 — 

Fourth Brigade. — Colonel John II. IJrooke Command iii,<^ (wounded), 
■-'ith Connecticut, Lieut. -Colonel Henry C. JVIerwin (killed), Major James 
II. Cobuin; 60tli New York, Colonel Daniel G. Bingham; 5;W Pennsyl- 
vania, Colonel J. R. Brooke, Lieut. -Colonel Richard jVIcMichael ; 145th 
Pennsylvania, Colonel Hiram L. Brown (wounded). Captain John "W". 
Reynolds (wounded), Captain Moses '\\'. Oliver; 2d Delaware, Colonel 
William P. Bailey. 

SECOND DrVTSTOX. 

Brigadier-General Joitx Giur.nx, Pcrvimioit C'liiitnamJer {iMunded). 

Brigadier-General AVtt.lta^: H.vkrow. 

Firsst iJnVj'atZf.— Brigadier-General William Harrow Commanding; 
Colonel Francis E. Heath. 19th iMaine, Colonel F. E. Hrath, Lieut. -Colonel 
Henry W. Cunningham ; l^th Massachusetts, Colonel George H. Ward 
(killed), Lieut. -Colonel George C. Joslin ; 82d New York, Colonel Henry 
W. Huston (killed), Captain John Darrow; 1st Minnesota, Colonel William 
Colvill (wounded). Captain N. S. Messick (killed), Captain Wilson B. Far- 
rell, Cajitain Louis Muiler, Captain Joseph Periam, Captain Ilenrv C. 
Coates. 

Secoinl Brigade. — Brigadier-General Alex. S. AVebl) Commanding 
(wounded). G9th Pennsylvania, Colonel Dennis O. Eane (killed), Lieut.- 
Colonel jM. Tschudy (killed). Major James Duffy (wounded). Captain Wm. 
Davi.s ; 71st Pennsylvania, Lieut. -Colonel Richard Penn Smith ; 72d Penn- 
sylvania, Colonel De Witt C. Baxter; lOGtli Pennsylvania, Lieut. -Colonel 
Theo. Hesser. 

Third Brigade. — Colonel Norman J. Hall Commanding. lOlh ]Massa- 
chusetts. Colonel Arthur F. Devereux; 20th Massachusetts, Colonel Paul 
J. Revere (killed), Captain H. L. Abbott (wounded) ; 42d New York, 
Colonel James E. Mallon; 59tli New York, Lieut. -Colonel Max A. Thoman 
<killed); Tlh Michigan, Colonel N. J. Hall, T;ieut. -Colonel Amos E. Steele 
(killed), Major S. W. Curtis. 

Unattached. — Andrew Sharpsliooters. 

THIKI) DIVTSION. 

Brigadier-General Alexandek Hays Commanding. 

First Brigade. — Colonel Samuel S. Carroll Commanding. 4th Ohio, 
Lieut. -Colonel James H. Godman, Lieut. -Colonel L. AV. Carpenter; 8th 
Ohio, Colonel S. S. Carroll, Lieut. -Colonel Franklin Sawyer; 14th Indiana, 
Colonel John Coons; Tth West Virginia, Colonel Joseph Snyder. 

Second Brigade. — Colonel Thomas A. Smyth Commanding (wounded); 
Lieut. -Colonel F. E. Pierce; 14th Connecticut, Major John T. Ellis; 10th 
New York (battalion), j\Iajor Geo. F. Hopper; 108th New York, Colonel 
Charles J. Powers; 12th New Jersey, Major John T.Hill; 1st Delaware, 
Colonel Thomas A. Smyth; Lieut. -Colonel Edward P. Harris, Captain M. 
3. EUgood (killed). Lieutenant Wm. Smith (killed). 



— 54 — 

Third BrUiitde.—C o\o\\i}\ George L. Willaid Coiiimanding (killed) - 
Colonel Eliakim Sherrill (killed); Lieut. -Colonel James M. Bull. 39tli 
New York, Lieut. -Colonel James G. Hughes; IHth New York, Colonel 
Clinton I). McDougall (wounded), Lieut. -Colonel Isaac IvL Lusk, Captain 
A. P. Seeley ; V2'ti\\ New York, Colonel G. L. Willard (killed), Lieut.- 
Colonel Levi Crandall: VIM\\ New York, Colonel E. Sherrill (killed), 
Lieut.-Colonel J. M. Bull. 

ArtiUery Brigade.— i'nptam J. G. Hazard Commanding. Battery B, 
1st New York, Captain James ^,\(■K. Rorty (killed); Battery A, 1st Rhode 
Island, Lieutenant William A. Arnold; Battery B, 1st Rhode Island, Lieu- 
tenant T. Fred. Brown (wounded); Battery I, 1st United States, Lieu- 
tenant G. A. Woodruff (killed) ; Battery A, 4th United States, Lieutenant 
A. II. Cushing, (killed). 

Caralry Sfptadroii.. — Captain Riley Jolmson Commanding. D. and K.,. 
6th New York. 



THIRD CORPS 

^Major-General Daniel E. Sickels Commit ndii.y {.iroundcd). 
]Major-General David B. Btrnky. 

FIRST DIVISION. 

]VIajor-(Teneral D.wid B. Birney, Prrmirtwut Coinmandtr. 

Brigadier-General J. H. H. Ward. 
Firxt Brigade. — Brigadier-General C. K. Graham Commanding (wounded, 
capiured); Colonel Andrew 11. Tippin. 57th Pennsylvania, Colonel Peter 
Sides, Lieut.-Colonel Wm. P. Neeper (wounded), Captain A. H. Nelson ; 
63d Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel John A. Danks; G8th Pennsylvania,. 
Colonel A. H. Tippin, all the Field Officers wounded ; 105th Pennsylvania,. 
Colonel Calvin A. Craig; 114th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel Frederick K. 
Cavada (captured) ; 141st Pennsylvania, Colonel Henry J. Madill, Captain 
E. R. Brown.* 

Second Brigade. — Brigadier-General J. H. K. AVard Commanding; 
Colonel H. Berdan. 1st U. S. Sharpshooters, Colonel H. Berdan, Lieut.- 
Colonel C. Trapp ; 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, Major H. H. Stoughton; M 
Maine, Colonel .M. B. Lakeman (captured). Captain AVilliam C. Morgan; 
4th Maine, Colonel Elijah AYalker (killed), Major Ebenezer AVhitcombe 
(wounded), ('aptain Edward Libby ; 20th Indiana, Colonel John AVheeler 
(killed), Lieut. -(Colonel AVilliam C. L. Taylor; 99th Pennsylvania, ]\rajor 
John W. Moore; 8Gth New York, Lieut. -('olonel Benjamin Higgins ; 124th 
New York, Colonel A. \"an Horn Ellis (killed), Lieut.-Colonel Francis M. 
Cummings. 

[Note— Battery C, 4th United States, Lieutenant E. Thomas, was in the line of 
the Second Corps on July M. Some of the t)atteries were so nearly demolished that 
there was no officer to assume command at tlio close of the battle]. 

* Colonel Madill commanded the lltth and 141st Pennsylvania. 
[Note.— The Secon<l New Hampshire, Third Maine, and Seventh and Eighth New 
Jersey also formed part of (iraham's line on the ^d.J 



— 00 — 

Third Brigade. — Colonel Philip R. cle Tiobriaiid C'ommandiug. od 
Michigan, Colonel BjTon K. Pierce (wounded), Lieut. -Colonel E. S. Pierce; 
5lh Michigan, Lieut. -Colonel John Pulfoid (wounded), Major S. S. Mat- 
thews; 40th New York, Colonel Thomas W. Egan ; 17th Elaine, Lieut. - 
Colonel Charles B. 3[errill; 110th Fennsj'lvania, Lieut. -Colonel David 3L 
Jones (wounded), Major Isaac Rogers. 

SECOND DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General Axdrkav A. IIumpiiiieys C'liihuuindlmj. 

First Brigade. — Brigadier-General Joseph B. Carr Commanding. 1st 
Massachusetts, Colonel X. B. ^IcLaughlin; 11th Massachu;jetts, Lieut. - 
Colonel Porter D. Tripp; Ifith 3Iassachusetts, Lieut. -Colonel "Waldo 
Merriam ; 37th Pennsylvania, Captain Geo. W. Tomlinson (wounded). 
Captain Henry Goodfellow ; 11th Xew Jersey, Colonel Robert McAllister 
(wounded), Major Philip J. Kearney (killed). Captain AVm. B. Dunning ; 
84th Pennsylvania (not engaged), Lieut. -Colonel 3Iilton Opp ; 12th Xew 
Hampshire, Captain J. F. Langley. 

Second Brigade. — Colonel "William It. Brewster Commanding. 70th 
New York (1st Excelsior), , "Major Daniel 3[ahen ; 71st Xew York (2d Ex- 
celsior), Colonel Henry L. Potter; 72d New York (3d Excelsior), Colonel 
Wm. O. Stevens (killed), Lieut. -Colonel John S. Austin ; 73d New York 
{4th Excelsior), Colonel AVilliam R. Brewster, 3Iajor M. "W. Burns ; 74ili 
New York (5th Excelsior), Lieut.-Colonel Thomas Holt ; 120th Ncav York, 
Lieut.-Colonel Cornelius D. Westbrook (wounded), ^Major J. R. Tappen, 
Captain A. L. Lockwood. 

Tliird Brigade. — Colonel George C. Burling Commanding. .Jth New 
Jersej^ Colonel "William J. Sewall (wounded). Captain Virgil M. Healey 
(wounded). Captain T. C. Godfrey, Captain II. H. AYoolsey ; (3th New Jersey, 
Colonel George C. Burling, Lieut.-Colonel S. R. Gilkyson; 7th New Jersey, 
Colonel L. R. Francine (killed), Lieut.-Colonel Francis Price ; 8lh New 
Jersey, Colonel John Ramse)' (wounded), Captain John G. Langston, llotli 
Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel John P. Dunne; 2d New Hampshire, Colonel 
Edward L. Bailey (wounded), ^lajor Saml. P. Sayles (wounded). 

Artillery Brigade. — Captain (4eorge E. Randolph Commanding. Battery 
E, 1st Rhode Island, Lieutenant John K. Bucklyn (wounded). Lieutenant 
Benj. Freeborn; Battery B, 1st New Jersey, Captain A. J. Clark; Battery 

D, 1st New Jersey, Captain George T. AVoodbury; Battery K, 4th IT. S., 
Lieutenant F. "W. Seeley (wounded). Lieutenant Robt. James ; Battery D, 
1st New York, Captain George B. "Winlow; 4lh New York, Captain James 

E. Smith. 



FIFTH CORPS. 
Major-<Teneral George Stkes Commanding 

FIRST DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General James Barnes, Comuuirvding. 
First Brigade. — Colonel W. S. Tilton Commanding. I8th Massachusetts, 
Colonel Joseph Hayes; 22d ^Massachusetts Colonel \Yilliam S. Tilton, 



— 57 — 

Lieut. -Colonel Thomas Sherman, Jr.; 118th Pennsylvania, Colonel Charles 
M. Provost; 1st Michigan, Colonel Ira C. Abbott (wounded), Lieut -Colonel 
W. A. Throop. 

Second Brigade. — Colonel J. B. Sweitzer Commanding. 9th Massachu- 
setts, Colonel Patrick R. Guine}''; ?>2d Massachusetts, Colonel George L. 
Prescott (wounded), Lieut. -Colonel Luther Stephenson (wounded), IMaJor 
J. Gushing Edmunds; 4th Michigan, Colonel Hamson H. Jeffords (killed), 
Lieut. -Colonel George W. Lombard; G2d Pennsjdvania, Colonel J. B. 
Sweitzer, Lieut. -Colonel James C. Hull. 

Third Brigade. — Colonel Strong Vincent Commanding (killed) ; Colonel 
James C. Rice. 20ih Maine, Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain ; 44th New 
York, Colonel James C. Rice, Lieut. -Colonel Freeman Conner; 8od Penn- 
sylvania, Major William H. Lamont, Captain O. E. Woodward; 16th 
Michigan, Lieut. -Colonel N. E. Welch. 

SECOND DTVISION. 

Brigadier-General Romayx B. Ayiies Commanding. 

First Brigade. — Colonel Hannibal Day, 6th U. S. Infantry, C'ommand- 
Ing. 3d U. S. Infantry, Captain H. AY. Freedley (wounded), Captain Rich- 
ard G. Lay; 4th L". S. Infantry, Captain J. AV. Adams; 6lh U. S. Infantry, 
Captain Levi C. Bootes; 12th U. S. Infantry, Captain Thomas S. Dunn; 
14th U. S. Infantry, Major G. R. Giddings. 

Second Brigade. — Colonel Sidney Burbank, 3d U. S. Infantry, Com- 
manding. 2d U. S. Infantry, Major A. T. Lee (wounded), Captain S. A. 
McKee; 7th U. S. Infantry, Captain D. P. Hancock; 10th L^. S. Infantry. 
Captain William Clinton; 11th U. S. Infantry, jVIajor De L. Floyd Jones; 
I7th U. S. Infantry, Lieut. -Colonel Durrell Green. 

Third Brigade. — Brigadier-General S. H. Weed (killed) ; Colonel Kenner 
Garrard. 140th New York, Colonel Patrick H. O'llorke (killed), Lieut.- 
Colonel Louis Ernst; 146th New York, Colonel K. Garrard, Lieut. -Colonel 
David T. Jenkins; Olst Penns3dvania, Lieut. -Colonel Joseph JI. Sinex; 
15oth Pennsylvania, Lieut. -Colonel John II. Cain. 

THIRD DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General S. Wiley Crawfoiid ComnMnding. 

Fii'd Brigade. — Colonel AYilliam McCandless Commanding. 1st Penn- 
sylvania Reserves, Colonel William Cooper Talley ; 2d Pennsylvania Re- 
serves, Colonel William jMcCandless, Lieut. -Colonel George A. AYoodward; 
^th Pennsylvania Reserves, Colonel Wellington H.Ent; 11th Pennsylvania 
Heserves, Colonel S. M. Jackson; 1st Rifles (Bucktails), Colonel Charles J. 
Taylor (killed), Lieut. -Colonel A. E. Niles (wounded). Major AYilliani R. 
Hartshorn. 

Second Brigade. — Colonel Joseph W. Fisher Commanding. 5th Penn- 
sylvania Reserves, Colonel J. W. Fisher, Lieut. -Colonel George Dare; 9th 



— 58 — 

I'ennsylvania Reserves, Lieul.-C'olonelJaiiies McK. Snodfrrass; KHli Peun- 
sylvanhi Iteserves, Colonel A. J. Warner; I2tli Pennsylvania Reserves, 
Colonel M. D. Ilanlin. 

ArtUlery Brigade.— VupVci'm A. P. Martin Commanding. P.altery 1), 5lh 
United States, Lieutenant Charles E. Ilazlett (killed,, Lieutenant B. F. 
Rittcnhouse ; Battery I, 5th United States, Lieutenant Leonard .Alanin ; 
Battery C, 1st New York, Captain Albert Barnes; Battery L, 1st Ohio^ 
Captain N. C. Gibbs; Battery C. Massachusetts, Captain A. P. Martin. 

PnmMt Guord.—C&pXmn H. W. Ryder. Companies E and J), l'2th New 
York. 

SIXTH CORPS. 
Major-(ieneral Jonx Sp:n<;wiCK Connininding. 

FIRST DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General H. G. Wright Cmiiiaanding. 

First Brigade..— Bxig2id\ex-Ge\\e\&\ A. T. A. Torbert Commanding. 1st 
New Jersey, Lieut. -Colonel William Henry, Jr. ; 2d New Jersey, Colonel 
Samuel L. Buck; 8d New Jersey, Colonel Henry W. Brown ; loth New Jer- 
sey, Colonel William H. Penrose. 

Second Brigade. — Brigadier-General J. J. Bartlett Commanding. 5lh 
Maine, Colonel Clark S. Edwards ; 131st New York, Colonel Emory Upton ; 
95th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel Edward Carroll; 96th Pennsylvania^ 
Lieut. -Colonel William H. Lessig. 

Third Brigade. — Brigadier-General D. A. Russell Commanding. 6tlL 
Maine, Colonel Hiram Burnham; 49th Pennsylvania, Colonel William H. 
Irvin; 119th Pennsylvania, Colonel P. C. Ellmaker ; 5th Wisconsin, Colonel 
Thomas S. Allen. 

SECOKD division. 

Brigadier-General A. P. Howe Commanding. 

Second Brigade. — Colonel L. A. Grant Commanding. 2d Vermont,. 
Colonel J. H. Walbridge; 3d Vermont, Colonel T. G. Seaver; 4th Vermont, 
Colonel E. H. Stoughton; 5th Vermont, Lieut.-Colonel John R. Lewis; 
6th Vermont, Lieut.-Colonel Elisha L. Barney. 

Third Brigade. — Brigadier-General T. A. Neill Commanding. 7tli_ 
Maine, Lieut.-Colonel Seldon Conner; 49th New York, Colonel D. D. Bid- 
well; 77th New York, Colonel J. B. McKeau; 43d New York, Colonel B. 
F. Baker; filst Pennsylvania, Major Geo. W. Dawson. 

THIRD division. 

Brigatlier-General Fkanic AVheaton Cinnmanding. 

First Brigade. — Brigadier-General Alexander Shaler Commanding. 65tl> 
New York, Colonel J. E. llamblin ; r.Tth New York, Colonel Nelson Crossr 



— 5U — 

122d New York, Lieut. -Colonel A. W. Dwiglit : 2o(l Pennsylvania, Lieut.- 
Colonel John F. Glenn ; H2d Pennsylvania, Colonel Isaac Bassett. 

Second Briffrnk'. — (Jolonel H. L. Eustis Commandinir. Tth [Massachu- 
setts, Lieut. -Colonel Franklin P. Harlow; 10th Massachusetts, Lieut. - 
Colonel Jefford ]M. Decker; 37th [Massachusetts, Colonel Oliver Edwards 
2d Rhode Island, Colonel Horatio Rogefs. 

Third Brigade. — Colonel David L. Nevin Commanding. (i2d New 
York, (Colonel D. L. Nevin, Lieut. -Colonel Tlieo. D. Hamilton; 102d Penn- 
sylvana,* Colonel John W. Patterson; OHd Pennsylvania, Colonel James 
M. MoCarter; 98th Pennsylvania, Major John 15. Kcjliler; l:J!)th Pennsyl- 
vania, Lieut. -Colonel William H. Mood}-. 

Artillery Brigade. — Colonel C. H. Tompkins Commanding. Battery A, 
1st Massachusetts, Captain W. H. McCartney ; Battery D, 2d United States, 
Lieutenant E. B. Williston ; Battery F, oth United States, Lieutenant 
Leonard Martin; Battery G, 2d United States, Lieutenant John H. Butler; 
Battery C, 1st Rhode Island, Captain Richard Waterman ; Battery G, 1st 
Rhode Island, Captain George AY. Adams; 1st New York, Captain Andrew 
Cowan; 8d New Y'ork, Captain William A. Harn. 

Cavali'ii Detachment. — Captain William L. ("raft Commanding. H, 1st 
Pennsylvania; L, 1st New Jersey. 



ELEYENTH CORPS. 
Major-General <;>livkh O. Howahd, P< rmanoit Coiamander. 
Major-General Cart, Sciiurz, Juln \.^t. 

FIKST DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General Fhancis C. Barl(JW ''oinm^rnduui (iroitnded). 
Brigadier-General Adelbert Ames. 

First Brigade. — Colonel Leopold Yon Gilsa Commanding. 41st New 
York, Colonel L. Von Gilsa, Lieut. -Colonel D. Yon Einsiedel; 54th New 
Y'ork, Colonel Eugene A. Kezley; C8th New York, Colonel Gotthilf Bourney 
de Ivernois; 153d Pennsylvania, Colonel Charles Clanz. 

Second Brigade. — Brigadier-General Adelbert Ames Commanding ; 
Colonel Andrew L. Harris ; 17th Connecticut, Lieut. -Colonel Douglass 
Fowler (killed), Major A. G. Brady (wounded) ; 25th Ohio, Lieut. -Colonel 
Jeremiah AYilliams (captured). Lieutenant William [Maloney (wounded). 
Lieutenant Israel White; 75th Ohio, Colonel Andrew L. Harris (wounded), 
Lieut. -Colonel Ben [Morgan (wounded), 3Iajor Charles AY. F'riend ; lOTth. 
Ohio, Captain John M. Lutz. 



* Not engaged. 



— 61 — 

SECOND nrvisiON. 

Brigadier-General A. Von Steinwehk CinmiKiridiny. 

First Bn'f/ade.— Colonel Charles R. Coster Commanding. 27th Penn- 
sylvania, Lieut. -Colonel Lorenz Cantador; 7od Pensylvania, Captain 
Daniel F. Kelly ; 134th New York, Colonel Charles R. Coster, Lieut. -Colonel 
Allan H. Jackson; 154 New York, Colonel Patrick IL Jones. 

Second Brir/ade.— Colonel Orlando Smith Commanding. o3d Massachu- 
setts, Lieut. -Colonel Adin li. Underwood ; l^Oth New York, Colonel James 
Wood, Jr.; 55th Ohio, Colonel Charles B. Gambee ; 73d Ohio, Colonel 
Orlando Smith, Lieut. -Colonel Richard Long. 

TIIIKI) DIVISION. 

Major-General C.vrl Scinniz P<rut<incnt Commander. 

Brigadier-General Alexander Sciiimmelffennig CoiiiimnuUiifi on Jnhj \si. 

First Brigade. — Brigadier-General A. Von Schimmelpfennig command- 
ing (captured); Colonel George Von Arnsburg. 45th New York, Colonel 
G. Von Arnsburg, Lieut. -Colonel Adolphus Dobke; 157th New York, 
Colonel Philip P. Brown, Jr.; 74th Pennsylvania, Colonel Adolph Von 
nartung (wounded), Lieut. -Colonel Von Mitzel (captured), Major Gustav 
Sclileiter; Cist Ohio, Colonel S. J. McGroarty ; 82d Illinois, Colonel J. 
Hecker. 

Second Brigade. — Colonel AValdimir Kryzanowski Commanding. 58th 
New York, Colonel W. Kryzanowski, Lieut.-Colonel August Otto, Captain 
Emil Koenig, Lieut.-Colonel Frederick Gellman; 119th New York, Colonel 
John S. Lockman, Lieut.-Colonel James C. Rogers; 75th Pennsylvania, 
Colonel Francis Mahler (wounded). Major August Ledig; 82d Ohio, Colonel 
James J. liobinson (wounded), Lieut.-Colonel D. Thomson ; 2Gth Wiscon- 
sin, Colonel Wm. IL Jacobs. 

Artillery Brigade. — Major Thomas W. Osborn Commanding. Battery 
I, 1st New York, Captain Michael Wiedrick; Battery I, 1st Ohio, Captain 
Hubert Dilger; Battery K, 1st Ohio, Captain Lewis Heckman ; Battery G, 
4th Ignited States, Lieutenant Bayard Wilkeson (killed). Lieutenant E. A. 
Bancroft; 13th New York, Lieutenant William Wheeler. 



TWELFTH CORPS. 
Brigadier-General ALrnEVS S. Willia.ms Commanding. 

PIUST DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General Thomas H. Rikiek Coiiniuinding. 

First Brigade. — Coloi^el Archibald L. McDougall Commanding. 5th 
Connecticut, Colonel AYarren W. Packer; 20th Connecticut, Lieut.-Colonel 
William B. Wooster; 123d New York, Colonel A. L. McDougall, Lieut.- 



— 62 — 

Colonel .lames C'. Kogers ; 14'5lh New York, Colonel E. L. Price; 46th 
Pennsylvania, Colonel James E. Selfridge; :!(! Maryland, Colonel J. M. 
Sudsburg. 

Second i>'nV/rt^.*— Brigadier-General Henry H. Lockwood Commanding. 
l.-)Oth New York, Colonel John 11. Kelchani ; 1st Maryland (P. 11. B.), 
Colonel William P. Maulsby; 1st Maryland ( E. S.), Colonel Jas. Wallace. 

Third Br iffi I dc— Colonel Bilas Colgrove Commanding. 2d Massachu- 
setts, C®louel Charles P. Mudge (killed), Lieut. -Colonel Charles F. Morse; 
107th New York, Colonel Miron M. Crane ; 18th New Jersey, Colonel Ezra 
A. Carman (wounded), Lieut.-Colonel John 11. Fesler ; 27th Indiana, Colonel 
Silas Colgrove, Lieut.-Colonel John P. Fesler; 3d Wisconsin, Lieut.- 
Colonel Martin P"'lood. 

SECOND DrVISIoN. 

Brigadier-General John W. Grarv Commanding. 

Fii'itt lirifimle. — Colonel Charles Canby Commanding. 28tli Pennsyl- 
vania, Captain John Flynn; 147th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel Ario Par- 
dee, Jr.; 5th Ohio, Colonel John 11. Patrick; 7th Ohio, C'olonel William 
P. Creighton ; 29th Oliio, Captain W. F. Stevens (wounded), Captain Ed. 
Hays; 6()th Ohio, Colonel C. Candy, Lieut.-Colonel Eugene Powell. 

Second Brigade. — (f) Colonel George A. Cobham, Jr.;'(|) Brigadier- 
General Thomas L. Kane. 29th Pennsylvania, Colonel William Rickards; 
109th Pennsylvania, Captain Fred. L. Gimber; 111th Pennsylvania, Lieut.- 
Colonel Thomas W. Walker, Lieut.-Colonel Frank J. Osgood. 

Third Brigade. — Brigadier-General George S. Greene Commanding. 
fiOth New York, Colonel Abel Godard ; 78th New York, Lieut.-Colonel 
Yon Hammerstein ; 102d New York, Lieut.-Colonel James C. Lane 
(wounded); 137th New York, Colonel David Ireland; 149th New York, 
Colonel Henry A. Barnum, Lieut.-Colonel Charles B. Randall. 

Artillcrii Brigade. — Lieutenant Edward D. Muhlenberg Commanding. 
Battery F, 4th United States, Lieutenant E. D. Muhlenberg, Lieutenant S. 
T. Rugg ; Battery K, 5th United States, Lieutenant D. H. Kinsie ; Battery 
M, 1st New York, Lieutenant Charles E. Winegar; Knapp's Pennsylvania 
Battery, Lieutenant Charles Atwell. 

Headquarter Guard. — Battalion tOth Maine. 



CAVALRY CORPS. 
Major-General Alfred Pi.easonton Commduding. 

FIRST DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General John Bupord Vommandiug. 

First Brigade. — Colonel William Gamble (Commanding. 8th New Y'ork 
Colonel Benjamin F. Davis ; 8th Illinois, Colonel William Gamble, Lieut.- 

* UnassiKned during- progress of battle ; after ard attached to First Division as 
Second IJrifrade. 
+ Not engaged. 
X A section of a battery attached to the PurncU Leg-ion was with Gree-g- on the 3d 



_ 63 — 

Colonel D. R. Clendeniii ; two squadrons 12tli Illinois, Colonel Amos Voss, 
three squadrons 8d Indiana, Colonel George H. Chapman. 

Second Brigade. — Colonel Thomas C. Devin Commanding. Gtli New 
York, Colonel Thomas C. Devin, Lieut.-Colonel William H. Crocker; 0th 
New York, Colonel William Sackett; 17th Pennsylvania, Colonel .1. II. 
Kellogg; ;M Virginia (detachment). 

Rexenie Brigade. — Brigadier-General Wesley Merritt Commanding. 1st 
United States, Captain R. 8. C. Lord; 2d United States, C^aptain T. F. 
Rodenbough ; 5th United States, Captain J. W. Mason ; 6th United States, 
Major S. II. Starr (wounded). Captain G. C. Cram ; 6th Pennsylvania, Major 
James H. Hazeltine. 

SECOND DIVISION'. 

llrigadier-General D. McM. GuEiia Commanding 

(Headquarter Guard — Comi)any A, 1st Ohio.) 

First Brigade. — Colonel J. B. Mcintosh Commanding. 1st New Jersey, 
Major M. II. Beaumont; 1st Pennsylvania, Colonel John P. Taylor; 3d 
Pennsylvania, Lieut-Colonel Edward S. Jones ; 1st Maryland, Lieut.-Colonel 
James M. Deems; 1st Massachusetts at Headquarters, Sixth Cori)s. 

Second Brigade.* — Colonel Pennock Huey Commanding. 2d New York, 
4th New York, 8th Pennsylvtmia, 6th Ohio. 

Third Brigade. — Colonel J. I. Gregg Commanding. 1st Maine, Colonel 
Oharles II. Smith ; 10th New York, Major W. A. Aveiy ; 4th Pennsylvania, 
Lieut.-Colonel W. E. Doster; 16th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel John K. 
Robison. 

THIRD DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General Jitdson Kilpatrick Coramunding. 

(Headquarter Guard — Company C, 1st Ohio.) 

First Brigade. — (*) Brigadier-General E. J. Farnsworth ; (t) Colonel N. 
P. Richmond. 5th New York, Major John Hammond ; 18th Pennsylvania, 
Lieut.-Colonel William P. Brinton ; 1st Vermont, Colonel Edward D. Saw- 
yer; 1st West Virginia, Colonel 11. P. Richmond. 

Second Brigade. — Brigadier-General George A. Custer Commanding. 1st 
Michigan, Colonel Charles II. Town; 5th Michigan, Colonel Russell A. 
Alger; 6th Michigan, Colonel George Gray: 7th Michigan, Colonel William 
D. Mann. 

HORSK AUTILLKKV. 

First Brigade. — Captain John M. Robertson Commanding. Batteries 
B and L, 2d United States, Lieutenant Edw. Heaton ; Battery M, 2d United 
States Lieutenant A. C. M. Pennington; Battery E, 4th United States, 
Lieutenant S. S. Elder; 6th New York, Lieutenant Jos. W. Martin; Otij 
Michigan, Captain J. J. Daniels; Battery C, 3d United States, Lieutenant 
William D. Fuller. 

* Not engaged. 

t A section of a battery attached to the Purnell Les^ion was with Oresrg on tho .3J. 



— 64 — 

Second Brigade.— Ca\>\a\\\ .Tolni C Tidball Commanding. Batteries a 
and E, 1st United States, Captain A. ^\. liandol; ]'>atteiy K, 1st United 
States, Captain Wi.liara M. Graliam; r>attery A, 2d United States, Lieuten- 
ant John H. Calef ; llattery C, -d United States. 



AirriLT.EHY IJESEHVU. 
(*) Eiiiradior-Oencral \\. O. Tylku (dmi/ded.) 
(t) Captain .Toiix :\I. PvOBKRTson. 

First Regiildr Brir/nde.—Ca,\n{iin D.U.TJansom Commanding (wounded). 
Battery IT, 1st United States, Lieutenant C. P. Ealiin (wounded); Batteries 
F and K, 3d United States, Lieutenant J. C. TurnbuU; Battery C, 4tli 
United States, Lieutenant Evan Tiiomas; Battery C, 5tli United States. 
Lieutenant G. V. Weir. 

First Volunteer Brif/ade.—Lieul.-Volonel F. McGilvery Commanding. 
15tli New York, Captain Patrick Hart ; Independent Battery Pennsylvania. 
Captain R. B. Ricketts; Sth Massachusetts, Captain C. A. Phillips; Otk 
Massachusetts, Captain John Bigelow. 

Second Volvutcer Briffa'h\—C a-ptti'm E. D. Tafc Commanding. Batterr 
B, 1st Connecticut;* Battery 31, 1st Connecticut;* 5th Xew York, Cap- 
tain Elijah D. Taf t ; 2d Connecticut, Lieutenant John W. Sterling. 

TJm-d Volunteer Brigade.— Capt?im James F. Huntington Commanding- 
Batteries F and G, 1st Pennsylvania, Captain R. B. Ricketts; Battery H, 
1st Ohio, Captain James F. Huntington ; Battery A, 1st New Hampshire, 
Captain F. M. Edgell ; Battery C, 1st West Virginia, Captain Wallace Ilill. 

Fourth Volviiicer Brigailc. — Captain R. H. Fitzhugh Commanding. Bat- 
tery B, 1st New York, Captain James ]\IcRorty (killed); Battery G, 1st 
New York, Captain Albert N. Ames ; Battery K, 1st New Y^ork, (Ilth Bat- 
tery attached). Captain Robert II. Fitzhugh; Battery A, 1st ]\Iaryland, 
Captain James II. Rigby ; Battery A, 1st New Jersey, Lieutenant Augustin 
N. Parsons; Gth Maine, Lieutenant Edwin B. Dow. 

Train Ouard. — Major Charles Ewing Commanding. 4tli New .Jersey 
Infantry. 

Ileadquarter Guard. — Captain .1. C Fuller Commanding. Battery C,. 
32d Massachusetts. 



DETACHMENTS AT HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTO.MAC. 

Command of tlm Provost- Marshal General — Brigadier-General ]\I. R. 
Patrick Commanding. 9od New York,* 8th L'nitcd States,* 1st IMassachu- 
setts Cavalry, 2d Pennsylvania Cavahy, Batteries E and I, Gth Pennsylvania 
Cavalry, Detachment Regular Cavalry, United States Engineer Battalion,* 
Captain Geo. H. Mendel, United States Engineers. 

Guards and Orderlies. — Captain D. P. 7^1 ann Commanding. Independent 
Company Oneida Cavalry. 

*Noteng'ag't'd. 

+ A section of a battery attached Id the Purnell Legion was with Gregg on the 3d. 







■^ ^ 



-^ 



g-.X- 












The complete route?- of the Army of Xoithern Virginia participating in the 
battle of Gett)-sburff, July 1st, 2d and 3d, 1863, which is given herein, is 
compiled from "■Buttles and Leaders of the Civil Wdr" 



CONF=EDER7^TE HRT^^Y. 



ARMY OF XORTMEKX VIRGINIA- General Rohekt E. Lee. 



FIRST ARMY CORPS. 
Lieutenant-General James Loxgstreet. 

^IcLaws' Dn'TsiON. 
Major-General Lafayette McLaws. 

Kershaw s Brigade. — Brig. -Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw; 2d S. C, Col. J. D. 
Kennedy (w), Lieut.-Col. F. Gaillard; 3d S. C, Maj.' R. C. Maiiett, Col. J. 
D. Xance; 7th S. C, Col. D. Wyatt Aiken; 8th S. C, Col. J. ^\. Ilenagan; 
15th S. C, Col. ^X. G. De haussure (k), Maj. William M. Gist ; 3d S. C. Bat- 
talion, Lieut.-Col. W. G. Rice. Brigade loss: k, 115; w, 483; m, 32=G30. 

Semmes' Brigade. — Brig. -Gen. Paul J. Semmes (m \v), Col. Goode Bryan: 
10th Ga., Col. John B. Weems; 50th Ga., Col. W. R. Manning; 51st Ga., 
Col. E. Ball; 53d Ga., Col. James P. Simms. Brigade loss: k, 55; w, 284; 
m. 91=430. 

Barksdcde's Brigade.— Erig.'Gren. William Barksdale (m w), Col. Benja- 
min G. Humphreys; 13th Miss., Col. J. W. Carter; ITth Miss., Col. W. D. 
Holder, Lieut.-CoL John C. Fiser; 18th Miss., Col. T. M. Griffin, Lieut.-CoL 
W. II. Luse; 21st Miss., Col. B. G. Humphreys. Brigade loss: k, 105; 
w, 550; ni, 92=747. 



— 67 — 

Woffonfs Brigade.— Brig. -Gen. William T. Wofford: IGlh Ga., Col. 
Goode Bryan; 18th Ga., Lieut. -Col. S. Z. Ruff; 24lh Ga., Col. Robert Mc- 
3Iillan ; Cobb's (G...) Legion, Lieut. -Col. Luther J. Glenn; Phillips' (,Ga.) 
Legion. Lieut. -Col. E. S. Barclay. Brigade loss : k, 30 ; w, 192 ; m, 112=3:34 

Artillery Battalioi).— Col. Renry C. Cabell: A, 1st N. C, Capt. B. C. 
Manly; Ga. Battery (Pulaski Art'y), Capt. J. C. Fraser (m w), Lieut. W. J. 
Furlong; Va. Battery (1st Richmond Howitzers), Capt. E. S. McCarthy; 
Ga. Battery (Troup Art'y), Capt. H. IL Carlton (w), Lieut. C. W. Motes. 
Battalion loss: k, 8; w, 29=37. 

Pickett's division. 
Major-General George E. Pickett. 
Garnetfs Brigade. — Brig.-Gen. Richard B. Garnett (k), Maj. Charles S. 
Peyton : 8th Va., Col. Eppa Hunton (w) ; 18th Va., Lieut.-Col. H. A. Car- 
rington (w); 19th Va., Col. Henry Gantt (w), Lieut.-Col. John T. Ellis (k); 
28th Va., Col. R. C. Allen (k), Lieut.-Col. William Watts ; 5Gth Va., Col. 
W. D. Stuart (m w), Lieut.-Col. P. P. Slaughter. Brigade loss : k, 78; w, 
324; m, 539=941. 

ArmistecuV s Brigade. — Brig.-Gen. Lewis A. Armistead (k). Col. W. R. 
Aylett : 9th Va., Maj. John C. Owens (k); 14th Va., Col. James G. Hodges 
(k), Lieut.-Col. William White ; 38th Va., Col. E. C. Edmonds (k), Lieut.- 
Col. P. B. Whittle; 53d Va., Col. W. R. Aylett (w); 57th Va., Col. John 
Bowie Magruder (k). Brigade loss: k, 88; w, 460; m, 648=1191. 

Kemper's Brigade. — Brig.-Gen. James L. Kemper (w and c). Col. Joseph 
3Iayo, Jr. (w): 1st Va , Col. Lewis B. Williams (w), Lieut.-Col. F. G. Skin- 
ner; 3d Va., Col. Joseph 3Iayo, Jr., Lieut.-Col., A. D. Callcote (k); 7th Va., 
Col. W. T. Patton (k), Lieut.-Col. C. C. Flowerree; 11th Va., Maj. Kirk- 
Avood Otey (w) ; 24th Va., Col. William R. Terry (w). Brigade loss: k, 58; 
w, 35G ; m, 317=731. 

Artillery Battalion.— Islaj. James Bearing: Va. Battery (Fauquier Art'y), 
Capt. R. ^[.- Stribling; Va. Battery (Hampden Art'y), Capt. W. H. Caskie; 
Va. Battery (Richmond Fayette Arty), Capt. M. C. ^Macon ; Va. Battery, 
Capt. Joseph G. Blount. Battalion loss: k, 8; w, 17=25. 

hood's Divisrox. 
Maj. -Gen. John B. Hood (w), Brig.-Gen. E. McIver Law. 

Loop's Brigade. — Brig.-Gen. E. Mclver Law, Col. James L. Sheffield: 4th 
Ala., Lieut.-Col. L. H. Scruggs; 15th Ala., Col. William C. Gates, Capt. B. 
A. Hill; 44th Ala., Col. William F. Perry; 47th Ala., Col. James W. Jack- 
son, Lieut.-Col. M. J. Bulger (w and c), Maj. J. M. Campbell; 48th Ala., Col. 
James L. Sheffield, Capt. T. J. Eubanks. Brigade loss : k. 74 ; w, 276 ; m, 
146=496. 

Aralerson's Brigade. — Brig.-Gen. George T. Anderson (w), Lieut.-Col. 
William Luffman : 7th Ga., Col. W. W. White; 8th Ga., Col. John R. Tow- 
ers ; 9th Ga., Lieut.-Col. John C. ]Mounger (k), ]\Iaj. W. 31. Jones (w), Capt. 
George Hillyer ; 11th Ga., Col. F. H. Little (w), Lieut.-Col. William Luff- 
man, Maj. Henry D. McDaniel, Capt. William H. Mitchell; 59th Ga., Col. 
Jack Brown (w), Capt. M. G. Bass. Brigade loss : k, 105 ; w, 512; m, 54=671. 



— 69 _ 

Eobertsou's Brigade.— Ung.-Gen. Jerome B. Robertson (w): 8tl Ark., Col. 
Tan H. Planning (w), Lieut.-Col. R. S. Taylor; 1st Tex., Lieut.-Col. P. A. 
Work; 4th Tex., Col. J. C. G. Key (w), Maj. J. P. Bane; ^ih Tex., Col. R. 
M. Powell (m w), Lieut.-Col. K. Bryan (w), Maj. J. C. Rogers. Brigade 
loss: k, 84; \v, 393; m, 120=507. 

I}en7iing'8.—Brig.-Gen. Henry L. Benning : 2d Ga., Lieut.-Col. William 
T. Harris (k), Maj. W. S. Shepherd; 15th Ga., Col. D. U. I)u Bose; 17th 
<Ja., Col. W. C. Hodges; 20th Ga., Col. John A. Jones (k), Lieut.-Col. J. D. 
Waddell. Brigade loss: k, 70; w, 299; m, 122=497. 

Artillery BnWilioti.—Ma]. M. W. Henry: N. C. Battery (Branch Art'y), 
Capt. A. C. Latham; S. C. Battery (German Art'y), Capt. William K. Bach- 
man; S. C. Battery (Palmetto Light Art'y), Capt. Hugh R. Garden; X. C. 
Battery (Rowan Art'y), Capt. James Reilly. Battalion loss : k, 4; w, 23=27. 

IIESETIVE ARTILLERY. 

Colonel J. B. Yv^alton. 

Alexander s Batt'Hion. —Co\. E. Porter Alexander : La. Battery (iVIadison 
Light Art'y), Capt. George Y. IVIoody; S. C. Battery (Brooks Art'y), Lieut. 
S. C. Gilbert ; Ya. Battery (Ashland Art'y), Capt. P. Woolfolk, Jr. (w), Lieut. 
James Woolfolk; Ya. Battery (Bedford Art'y), Capt. T. C. Jordan; Va. 
Battery, Capt. William W. Parker; Ya. Battery, Capt. O. B. Taylor. Bat- 
talion loss: k, 19; w, 114; m, 0=139. 

Washington {La.) Artillery.— Ma]. B. F. Eshleman : 1st Co., Capt. C. W. 
Squires; 2d Co., Capt. J. B. Richardson; 3d Co., Capt. M. B. Miller ; 4th 
Co., Capt. Joe Norcom (w), LieiU. H. A. Battles. Battalion loss: k, 3; w, 
26; m, 16=45. 



SECOND ARMY CORPS. 

Lieutenant-General Richard S. Ewell. Staff loss: w, 1. 

Early's division. 

Major-General Jubal A. Early. 

Hays' Brigade. — Brig. -Gen. Harry T. Hays : 5th La., ]\Iaj. Alexander 

Hart (w), Capt. T. H. Biscoe ; 0th La., Lieut.-Col. Joseph Hanlon ; 7th La., 

Col. D. B. Penn; 8th La., Col. T. D. Lewis (k), Lieut.-Col. A. de Blanc (w), 

3Iaj. G. A. Lester; 9th La., Col. Leroy A. Staflford. Brigade loss: k, 30; 

Av, 201 ; m, 70=313. 

Hoke's Brigade.-^Col. Isaac E. Avery (m w), Col. A. C. Godwin : 0th N. 
C, Maj. S. McD. Tate; 21st N. C, CoL W. Yv'. Kirkland; 57th N. C., Col. 
A.C.Godwin. Brigade loss: k, 35 ; w, 210; m, 94=345. 

Smith's Brigade. — Brig. -Gen. William Smith: 31st Ya., Col. John S. 
Hoffman ; 49th Ya., Lieut.-Col. J. Catlett Gibson ; 52d Ya., Lieut.-Col. James 
H. Skinner. Brigade loss: k, 12; w, 113; m, 17=142. 

Gordon's Brigade. — Brig.-Gen. John B. Gordon : 13th Ga., Col. James M. 
Smith; 20th Ga., Col. E. N. Atkinson; 31st Ga., Col. Clement A. Evans; 
38th Ga., Capt. William L. McLeod; 00th Ga., Capt. W. B. Jones; 01st Ga., 
Col. John H. Lamar. Brigade loss : k, 71 ; w, 270 ; m, 39=380. 



- 70 — 

Ariillery Battalio/i .—Lieut. -Q'o\. II. P. Jones : Va. Battery (Charlottesville 
Art'y), C'apt. James McD. ("arrinirton ; Va. Battery (Courtney Art'y), Capt. 
W. A. Tanner; La. Battery (Guard Art'y ), Capt. C. A. Green; Va. Battery 
(Staunton Art'y). Capt. .V. W. Garber. Battalion loss: k, 2; w, 6=8. 

Johnson's division. 
Major-(ieneral Edwaki) Johnson. Stall loss : w, 1 ; m, 1=2. 
SteiMrfs JJi'igade.—Bng.-Gen. George H. Stewart: 1st 3Id. Battalion, 
Lieui.-Col. James II. Herbert (\v), Maj. W. W. Goldsborough (w), Capt. J. 
P. Crane ; 1st N. C, Lieut. -Col. H. A. Brown ; 3d N. C, Maj. W. M. Parsley; 
lOth Va , Col. E. T. II. Warren ; 23d Va., Lleut.-Col. S. T. AValton ; 37tli 
Va., Maj. H. C. Wood. Brigade loss; k, 83; w, 409; m, 190=082. 

JVichoUs' Brigade— Col. J. :\I. Williams: 1st La., Capt. E. D. Willett; 
2d La., Lieut.-Col. II. E. Burke; lOtli La., Maj. T. N. Powell; 14th La., 
Lieut. -Col. David Zable; loth La., Maj. Andrew Brady. Brigade loss: k, 
43; w, 309; m, 36=388. 

Stonewall Brigade. — Brig. -Gen. James A. Walker: 2d Va., Col. J. Q. A. 
Nadenbousch; 4th Va., 3Iaj. William Terry; 5th Va., Col. J. H. S. Funk; 
27th Va., Lieut. -C'ol. D. M. Shriver ; 33d Va., Capt. J. B. Golladay. Brigade 
loss: k, 3.); w, 208; m, 87=330. 

Jones' Brigade. — Brig. -Gen. John M. Jones (w), Lieut.-Col. R. IL Dun- 
gan : 21st Va., C^apt. W. P. Moseley; 25th Va., Col. J. C. Higginbotham(w), 
Lieut.-Col. J. A. Robinson; 4Cd Va., Lieut.-Col. R. W. Withers (w), Capt. 
S. H. Saunders ; 44th Va., Maj. N. Cobb (w), Capt. T. R. Buckner ; 48th Va., 
Lieut.-Col. R. II. Dungan ; Maj. Oscar White; 50th Va., Lieut.-Col. L. H. 
N. Salyer. Brigade loss: k, 58; w, 302; m, 01=421. 

Ariilkry Battalion. — Maj. J. W. Latimer (m w), Capt. Charles I. Raine: 
1st Md. Battery, Capt. William F. Dement ; Va. Battery (Alleghany Art'y), 
Capt. J. C. Carpenter; .Aid. Battery (Chesapeake Art'y), Capt. AVilliam D. 
Brown (w); Va. (Lee) Bajlterj', Capt. Charles I. Raine, Lieut. William W. 
Hardwicke. Battalion loss : k, 10; w, 40^50. 

RODES' division. 

]\Iajor-General Roeekt E. Rodes. 
Daniel's Brigade. — Brig.-Gen. Junius Daniel: 32d N. C, Col. E. C. 
Brabble; 43d N. C, Co!. T. S. Kenan (w and c), Lieut.-Col. W. G. Lewis; 
45th X. C., Lieut.-Col. S. II. Boyd (w and c;, Maj. John II. AYinston (w and 
c), C;apt. A. II. (iallaway (w), Capt. J. A. Hopkins; 53d N. C, Col. W. A. 
Owens; 2d N. C. Battalion, Lieut.-Col. II. L. Andrews (k), Capt. Van 
Brown. Brigade loss : k, 105; \v, 035 ; m, 110=916. 

Jverson's Brigade. — Brig.-Gen. Alfred Iverson : 5th N. C, Capt. Speight 
B. West (\v), Capt. Benjamin Robinson (w); 12th N. C, Lieut. Col. W. S. 
Davis; 20th N. C, Lieut.-Col. Nelson Slough (w), Capt. Lewis T. Hicks; 
23d N. C, Col. D. H. Christie (ra w), Capt. AVilliam H. Johnston. Brigade 
loss: k, 130; w. 328; m, 308=820. 



— 71 — 

BoU)^ Brigade. — Brig. -Gen. George Doles: 4th Ga., Lieut. -Gol. D. R. E. 
Winn (k), Maj. W. H. Willis; 12th Ga., Col. Edward Willis; 21st Ga., Col. 
John T. :^Icrcer; 44th Ga., Col. S. P. Lumpkin (w), Maj. W. H. Peebles. 
Brigade loss: k, 24; w, 124; m, 31=179. 

Ramseur's Brigade. — Brig.-Gen. Stephen D. Ramseur : 2d N. C, ]\Iaj. D. 
W. Hurtt (w), Capt. James T. Scales; 4th jST. C, Col. Bryan Grimes; 14th 
N. C, Col. R. Tyler Bennett (w), Maj. Joseph H. Lambeth; 30th N. C., Col. 
Francis ^l. Parker (w), Maj. W. W. Sellers. Brigade loss: k, 23; w, 122; 
m, 32=177. 

O'NeaVs Brigade,— Col. Edward A. O'Neal: 3d Ala., Col. C. A. Battle; 
5th Ala., Col. J. M. Hall ; 6th Ala., Col. J. N. Lightfoot (w), Capt. ^l. L. 
Bowie; 12th Ala., Col. S. B. Pickens; 2Gth Ala., Lieut.-Col. John C. Good- 
game. Brigade loss: k, 73; w, 430 ; m, 103=696, 

Artillery Battalion. — Lieut.-Col. Thomas H. Carter: Ala. Battery (Jeff 
Davis Art'y), Capt. W. J. Reese; Va. Battery (King William Art'y), Capt. 
W.P.Carter- Ya. Battery (Morris Art'y), Capt. R. C. M. Page (w); Va. 
Battery (Orange Art'y), Capt. C. W. Fry. Battalion loss: k, 6; w, 35; 
in, 24=65. 

KESEKVE AKTILLEKY. 

Colonel J. Thompson Brown. 
Brown's Batt'ilio II. — Capt. Willis J. Dance : Ya. Battery (2d Richmond 
Howitzers), Capt. David Watson; Ya. Battery (3d Richmond Howitzers), 
Capt. B. IL Smith, Jr.; Ya. Battery (Powhatan Art'y), Lieut. John M. Cun- 
ingham; Ya. Battery (Rockbridge Art'y), Capt. A. Graham; Ya. Battery 
(Salem Art'y), Lieut. C- B- Griffin. Battalion loss: k, 3; w, 19=22. 

Nelson's ButtnUon. — Lieut.-Col. William Nelson: Ya. Battery (Amherst 
Art'y), Capt. T. J. Kirkpatrick; Ya. Battery (Fluvanna Art'y), Capt. J. L. 
Massie ; Ga. Battery, Capt. John Milledge, Jr. Battalion loss (not reported). 



THIRD ARMY CORPS. 

Lieutenant-General Ambrose P. Hill. 

.\xderson's division. 

Major-General Richard II. Anderson. 

Wilcox's Brigade. — Brig-Gen. Cadmus M. Wilcox : 8th Ala., Lieut.-Col. 
Hilary A. Herbert ; 0th Ala., Capt. J. II. King (w) ; 10th Ala., Col. AVllliam 
II. Forney (w and c), Lieut.-Col. James E. Shelley; 11th Ala., Col. J. C. C. 
Sanders (w), Lieut.-Col. George E. Tayloe; 14th Ala., Col. L. Pinckard (w), 
Lieut.-Col. James A. Broome. Brigade loss : k, 51 ; w, 4(i'.) ; m, 257=777. 

Malwne's Brigade. — Brig.-Gen. AVilliam Mahone: 6th Ya., Col. George 
T. Rogers; 12th Ya., Col. D. A. Weisiger; 16th Ya., Col. Joseph H. Ham; 
41st Ya., Col. William A. Parham ; 61st Ya., Col. V. D. Groner. Brigade 
loss: k, 8; w, 55; m, 39=102. 







^•■v* 



T^- •■•::■■,. :—iv-~- 

















— 73 — 

WrighVs Brigade. — Brig. -Gen. Ambrose R. Wright, Col. William Gibson, 
Brig.-Gen. Ambrose R. Wright: 3d Ga., Col. E. J. Walker; 22d Ga., Col. 
Jv.seph Wasden (k), Capt. B. C. McCurry; 48th Ga., Col. William Gibson, 
Capt. ]\I. R. Hall, Col. William Gibson (w and c); 2d Ga. Battalion, 3Iaj. 
George W. Ross (m \v), Capt. Charles J. Moffett. Brigade loss; k, 40; w, 
295 ; m, 333=008. 

Perry's Brigade. — Col. David Lang: 2il Fla., Maj. W. R. Moore (\v and 
c); otii Fla., Capt. R. N. Gardner (w); 8th Fla., Col. David Lang. Brigade 
loss: k, 33; w, 217; m, 205=455. 

Posey's Brigade. — Brig.-Gen. Carnot Posey: 13th Miss., Col. W. 11. Tay- 
lor; IGth Miss., Col. Samuel E. Baker; 19th Miss., Col. N. H. Harris; 48th 
Miss., Col. Joseph M. Jayne. Brigade loss: k, 12; w, 71=83. 

Sumpter {Ga.) Artillery Buttnlion. — Maj. .John Lane: Co. A, Capt. Hugh 
M. Ross; Co. B, Capt. George ]M. Patterson; Co. C, Capt. John T. Wing- 
lield(vv). Battalion loss: k, 3; w, 21 ; ra, 6=30. 

heth's division. 

3Iaj.-Gen. Henry Heth (w), Brig.-Gen. J. Johnston Pettigrew (w). 

Staff loss : w, 2. 

Fi7'st Brigade. — Brig.-Gen. J. Johnston Pettigrew, Col. James K. Mar- 
shall (w and c): 11th N. C, Col. CoUett Leventhorpe (w) ; 26th N. C, Col 
Henry K. Bnrgwyn, Jr. (k), Capt. H. C. Albright ; 47th N. C, Col. G. H. 
Faribault (w); 52d N. C, Col. James K. Marshall, Lieut. -Col. ^larcus A. 
Parks (w). Brigade loss: k, 190; w, 915=1105. 

Second Brigade.— Col. J. M. Brockenbrough: 40th Va., Capt. T. E. Betts, 
I'apt. R. B. Davis; 47th Ya., Col. Robert 31. 3Iayo; 55th Va., Col. W. S. 
Christian; 22d Ya. Battalion, Maj. John S. Bowles. Brigade loss: k, 25; 
w, 123=148. 

Thi)-d Brigade. — Brig.-Gen. James J. Archer (c). Col. B. D. Fry (\v and 
c), Lieut.-Col. S. G. Shepard: 13th Ala., Col. B. D. Fry; 5th Ala. Battalion, 
3Iaj. A. S. Yan de Graaff ; 1st Tenn. (Prov. Army), Maj. Felix G. Buchanan ; 
7th Tenn., Lieut.-Col S. G. Shepard; 14th Tenn., Capt. B. L. Phillips. 
•Brigade loss: k, 10; w, 144; m, 517=677. 

Fourth Brigade. — Brig.-Gen. Joseph R. Davis : 2d Miss., Col. J. M. Stone 
<w); 11th Miss., CoL F. M. Greene; 42d Miss., Col. H. R. Miller; 55th N C, 
Col. J. K. Connally (w). Brigade loss: k, 180; w, 717=897. 

Artillery Batt'ilion. — Lieut.-Col. John J. Garnet t : La. Battery (Donald- 
sonville Arl'y) Capt. Yictor Maurin; Ya. Battery (Huger Art'y), Capt. 
Joseph D. Moore • Ya. Battery, Capt. John W. Lewis ; Ya. Battery (Norfolk 
Light Art'y Blues), Capt. C. R. Grandy Battalion loss : w, 5 ; m, 17=22. 

fender's Dr^'ISION. 

Maj. -Gen. William D. Pender (m w), Brig.-Gen. James H. Lane, Maj.- 

Gen. Isaac R. Trimble (w and c), Brig.-Gen. James H. Lane 

Staff loss: k, 1; w, 4=5. 



— 74 — 

First Briffade. —Col. Aimer Perrin : 1st 8. C. (Prov. Army), Maj. C W. 
McCreary; 1st H. C. (Rifles), Capt. William M. Iladden: 12th S. C, Col. 
John L. Millei -, 13th S. C, Lieut.-Col. B. T. Brockman ; 14th S. C, Lieut.- 
Col. Joseph N. Brown (w). Ilrigade loss: k, 100; w, 477=577. 

Second Brigade.— Vjr\g.-Gen. James II. Lane, Col. C. M. Avery, Brig.- 
Gen. James II. Lane (w), Col. C. M. Avery: 7th N. C, Capt. J. McLeod. 
Turner (w and c), Capt. James G. Harris; 18th N. C, Col. John D. Barry ; 
28th N. C, Col. S. D. Lowe (w), Lieut. -Col. W. 11. A. Speer ; 3:M N. C, Col. 
C. M. Avery; 37th N. ('., Col. AV. IM. 15ar))our. Brigade loss: k, 41 ; w, 
348; m, 271=000. 

Third Brigade.— FA'ig.-Gen. Edward L. Thomas : 14th Ga., ; 35th 

Ga., ; 45th Ga., ; 4nth Ga., Col. S. T. Player. Brigade loss: k, 

10; w, 130=152. 

Fourth Brigade.— BTig.-Gen. Alfred i\I. Scales (w), Lieut.-Col. G. T. Gor- 
don, Col. William Lee J. Lowrance : 13th N. C, Col. J. II. Hyman (w); 
loth N. C, Capt. L. W. Stowe ; 22d N. C, Col. James Conner; 34lh N. C, 
Col. WMlliam Lee J. Lowrance (w), Lieut.-Col. G. T. Gordon ; 38th N. C, 
Col. AV. J. Hoke (w). Brigade loss: k, 102; w, 323; m, 110=535. 

Artillery Battalion.— '^laj. WlUian-. T. Poague : Ya. Battery (Albemarle 
Art'y), Capt. James W. Wyatt; N. C. Battery (Charlotte Art'y), Capt. 
Joseph Graham ; Miss. Battery (Madison Light Art'y), Capt. George AYard ; 
Va. Battery, Capt. J. A''. Brooke. Battalion loss: k, 2; w, 24; m, 0=32. 

RESEKVE AUTILLEllV. 

Colonel R. Lindsay AValker. 
McIiUohKh Battalion. — Maj. D. G. Mcintosh: Ala. Battery (Hardaway 
Art'y), Capt. W. B. Hurt; Ya. Battery (Danville Art'y), Capt. R. 8. Kice ; 
Va. Battery (2d Rockbridge Art'y), Lieut. Samuel W.allace ; A^a. Battery 
Capt. ^I. Johnson. Battalion loss : k, 7; w, 25=32. 

Pegraiibs Battalion. — Maj. AY. J. Pegram, Capt. E. B. Brunson: S. C. 
Battery (Pee Dee Art'y), Lieut. William E. Zimmerman ; A'a. Battery (Cren- 
shaw), ; A^a. Battery (Fredericksburg Art'y), Capt. E. A. 3Iarye; A'a. 

Battery (Letcher Art'y), Capt. T. A. Brander; A'a. Battery (Purcell Art'y), 
Capt. Joseph McGraw. Battalion loss : k, 10; w, 37; m, 1=48. 

CAVALIIV. 

Major-General James E. B. Stuart. 
Fitz Lee's Brigade. — Brig. -Gen. Fitzhugh Lee : 1st Md. Battalion (serving 
with Ewell's Corps); 1st Md. Cav., ]\Iaj. Ridgely Brown; 2d Md. Cav., Maj. 
Harry Gilmor; 1st A'a., Col. James II. Drake; 2d A'a., Col. T. T. Munford; 
3d A'a., Col. Thomas H. Owen; 4th A'a., Col. AYilliams C. AA^ickham ; 5th 
Va., Col. T. L. Rosser. Brigade loss: k, 5; w, 10; m, 29=50. 

Tlamptoji's nrignde.—Brig.-Gen. AA'ade Hampton (w). Col. Lawrence S. 

Baker: 1st N. C, Col. Lawrence S. Baker ; IstS. C, ; 2d S. C., ; 

Cobb's (Ga.) Legion, ; Jeff Davis Legion, ; Phillips' (Ga.) 

Legion, . Brigade loss: k, 17; w, 58; m, 10=91. 



— 75 — 

TT: ]I. F. Lee's Brigade.— Col. John R. Chambliss, Jr. : 2cl N. C, ; 

Dth Va., Col. R. L. T. Beale; 10th Va., Col. J. Lucius Davis; 13th Va., 
. Brigade loss: k, 2; w, 26; m, 13=41. 

Jenkins' Brigade. — Brig.-Gen. Albert G. Jenkins (w), Col. M. J. Fergu- 
son : 14th Va., ; IGth Va., ; 17th Va., Col. W. H. French ; 34th 

Va. Battalion, Lieut. -Col. V. A. Witcher; 36th Va. Battalion, ; Va. 

Battery, Capt. Thomas E. Jackson. 

Robertson's Brigade. — Brig.-Gen. Beverh^ IL Robertson (commanded his 
own and W. E. Jones' Brigades): 4th N. C, Col. D. D. Ferebee ; 5th. 

N. C.. . 

Jones' Brigade. — Brig -Gen. William E. Jones: 6th Va., Maj. C. E. 
Flournoy; 7th Va., Lieut. -Col. Thomas ]\rarshall; 11th Va., Col. L. L. 
Lomax ; 35th Va. Battalion, Lieut -Col. E. V. White. Brigade loss : k, 12 ; 
w, 40 ; m, 6=58. 

Stuart's Horse Artillery. — 3Iaj. R. F. Beckham : Va. Battery, Capt. James 
Breathed ; Va. Battery, Capt. R. P. Chew ; Md. Battery, Capt. W. H. GrifRn ; 
h^. C. Battery, Capt. J. F. Hart; Va. Battery, Capt. W. M. McGregor; Va. 
Battery, Capt. M. N. Moorman. 

Iniboden's Command. — Brig.-Gen. John D. Imboden : 18th Va. Cav., Col. 
George W. Imboden; 62d Va. (mounted infantry). Col. George H. Smith; 
Va. Partisan Rangers, Capt. John H. McNeill ; Va. Battery, Capt. J. H. 
McClauahan. 

According to the reports of brigade and other subordinate commanders 
the total loss of the Confederate Army was 2,592 killed, 12,709 wounded, 
and 5,150 captured or missing=20,451. Several of the reports indicate that 
many of the "missing" were killed or wounded. Rolls on file in the office 
of the Adjutant-General, Y. S. Army, bear the names of 12,227 Avounded 
and imwounded Confederates captured at and about Gettysburg from July 
1st to 5th, inclusive. The number of Avounded prisoners is reported by the 
medical director of Meade's army as 6,802. 



THE COST OF WARS. 



Of wars Avithin the last half century, the cost has been as follows: 

France and Algeria, 1830-47 $190,000,000 

France and Austria, 1859 225,000,000 

The European Revolution in 1848 50,000,000 

Prussia and Austria, in 1866 100,000,000 

Our Civil War, 1861-65 3,700,000,000 

France and Mexico, 1806 75,000,000 

Brazil and Paraguay, 1804-70 240,000,000 

France and Germany, 1870-71 1,586,000,000 



'>-- 



^~^^TMK--Sy-'> 



Old ''Tape Worm" Railroad 



• NOW - 



The Gettysburg Short Line 



Western Marvland Railroad. 



|l?e Old •' |ap(^-'d/or(T)'" [Railroad. 

NOW THE GETTYSBURG SHORT LINE OF THE WESTERN MARYLAND RAILROAD — ITS EARLY HISTORY- 
ORIGIN OF ITS NAME— A BEAUTIFUL. FERTILE AND HISTORICAL TEr?RITORY — 
INTERESTING REMINISCENCES 



T*l-k^ I'iov^te" lfl'*>»x-i His^ll^ici^lcl <-<> <^we't:t^'-S»:>v»X'^. 



fN the Spring of 1881) the Western 31;irvUuur liiulroad com- 
pleted the western extension of its Baltimore and Harris- 
burg Division from Orrtanna, a station eiglit miles west of 
Gettysburg, to Highfield Station (the Junction point with tiie main 
line), just one mile east of Pen-3Iar. The route traversed from 
Orrtanna is practically the same as the line of the old Pennsylvania 
State road which figured so extensively in i")olitics more than half 
a century ago, and which was made an issue in several campaign 
feuds of that period. The theory which inspired the building of 
the Pennsylvania State Eailroad, was the tapping at or near Clear- 
spring, of the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, then in 
course of construction. The latter road, however, proved hostile 
to the project, and having secured necessary legislation, changed 
the route of its survey to the Virginia side of the Potomac. This 
change of location undoubtedly strengthened the argument in 
Pennsylvania against the completion of the State road to Clear- 
spring. Its political opponents fought the measure Avitli such 
determined resistance, that further progress w-as.not only checked, 
but the entire work was abruptly and finally abandoned. The 
State had already invested abont $750,000 in the construction 
of the road bed, and in building bridges and viaducts of 



— 81 — 

splendid iiuisoury, which have withstood the ravages of lialf a 
century of neglect. Public interest in the venture gradually 
became lessened to such a degree, tliat after the lapse of fifteen 
years til e Legislature of t hi' State renounced all I'esponsibility for 
the future of the road, and gave it in its neglected condition to a 
corporation then struggling to build a railroad from Hanover to 
•Gettysburg, the only consideration being the natural advantages of 
convenient traffic and transportation that would accrue to the 
people of that territory and the possible development of new indus- 
tries. I'pon acquiring this valuable franchise fi'om tlie State, the 
corporation completed its road from Hanover to Gettysburg, and 
after a brief existence collapsed. At the sale of its charter and 
.assets the old road bed passed into the possession of new owriers, 
and through them to its present owners, the Western Maryland 
Railroad Company. This acquisition at once gave the latter corpo- 
ration an independent line from Baltimore to Gettysburg via Emory 
Grove, from which (junction) point to Hightield the line is known as 
the Baltimore and Harrisburg Division of the Western Maryland 
Railroad. The old State Railroad in its early history was familiarly 
called the "•Tape-Worm." The origin of this rather odd title is 
attributed to two causes — the first and perhaps the most authentic 
is because the original survey of the line as it crossed the moun- 
tain, carried the course of the road around many twists and curves, 
its winding outlines resembling the zig-zag formation of a " Tape- 
Worm." Another and more recent explanation is, that the road was 
termed the ''• Tape- Worm," because it was a great "rowswwzer" — 
•of appropriations. 

As a matter of fact, the old State road even in following the 
lines of its original survey, did not develop as many curves and 
turns as can be seen in mountain railroads of more recent construc- 
tion. In completing its western extension the Western ^Maryland 
Railroad Company followed the old '• Tape- Worm " route for about 
ten miles from Gettysburg to Donaldson's farm. At this point the 
^lade was changed, and a new line located nearer the mountain's 
base, Avhich resulted in materially lessening the distance traversed 



— 83 — 

ill iru.vsiiig Jack'.s .Mountain, and greatly dt'civasing the cost, but of 
course at tlie expense of heavier grades. At the summit the line 
again ()c'ini[)ies the old road bed for a few miles, passing in its 
coursi' directly in tlie rear of tlie once noted l)ut now dismantWl 
Maria Furnace, (formerly owned and operated by lion. Thaddeus 
Stevens), crossing Tom's Creek with a horse-shoe curve, more grace- 
ful in outline and more j)ictures([ue in natural surroundings than 
the famous "Horse-shoe" of the Alieghenies. Tlie new line is 
seldom out of sight of any portion of the old road. The route 
from Trettysburg to the summit of Jack's ^Mountain is so located as 
to command not only the most extensive views of the magnificent 
expanse of panoramic valleys, l;)ut likewise to develop the greatest 
charms of picturesque mountain scenery. The Xew Short Line, 
as it is now very properly designated, places Oettysburg in direct 
connection with Ilagerstown, Waynesboro, Chambersburg and 
Shippensburg, thus forming a splendid system of connections 
with the Shenandoah Valley and Baltimore and Ohio Railroads from 
points South and West. 

Arriving at Hagerstown from any ]»oint on the lines of the 
above-named railroads, the passenger will continue his journey to> 
Gettysburg by making eonnection with the main line trains of the 
AVestern ]\Iaryland Railroad at Hagerstown, and thence proceeding- 
eastw'ard seventeen miles to Highfield, the junction point of The 
New Short Lixe, passing en mute the Avidely-famed Blue Mountain 
House, and directly through the enchanting Pen-]\Iar locality. The 
line from Hagerstown to Gettysburg is almost parallel with the 
route of Lee's army in its march to the Battlefield in 1863. From 
Highfield the distance to Gettysburg is only twenty-three miles. 

A notable feature of The Xew Short Line is the curved 
tunnel through a spur of Jack's ^Mountain, about one mile east of 
Monterey. The entire route presents a succession of nature's most 
enchanting pictures, which cannot fail to please and interest the 
traveler. The superb view of the valleys from Jack's Mountain, 
and the two liorse-shoe curves, are also noteworthy attractions. 
O'er mountains, through picturesque dales and exhilirating alti- 



IS^ 




APPROACHING THE MOUNTAIN S SUMMIT. 



— 85 — 

tudes, The Xkw SnoiiP F.ixk juvsents the ;il\v;iys enjovuMf feature 
of changeful scenery. 

A more detailed description of the line of the Baltimore and 
Harrisburg Division of the Western ^laryland liailroad from High- 
field to Gettysburg may be found interesting, especially to travelers 
and tourists contemi)lating a trij) to the Battlefield, via the histo- 
ric route of the old •• Tai-k-Worm" liailroad. 

Highfield. — Twenty-three miles from (Gettysburg, seventeen 
miles from Ilagerstowii and seventy miles from Baltimore, is the 
v/estern junction point of the Baltimore and Harrisburg Division 
of the AYestern Marvland Railroad with the main lini*. It is 
located in the famous Pen-Alar region, on the summit of the 
Blue Eidge Alountains. In the vicinity of Hightield are many 
popnlar Summer resorts, cottages and handsome villas, all of Avhicli 
are liberally patronized during the season. Highfiehl is only one 
mile east of Pen-Alar Park, tlie beantiful and famous excursion 
resort of the AYestern ]\Iaryland Wailroad, visited annually by over 
one lumdred and fifty thousand persons from all sections of the 
country. At Plighfield the Company has erected a suljstantial and 
attractive station for the convenience of passengers and visitors to 
the numerous pleasant resorts in that most picturesque locality, 
together with other terminal facilities for its Baltimore and Harris- 
burg Division. 

Monterey. — TAveuty-one miles from Gettysburg, nineteen 
miles from Ilagerstown and seventy-two miles from Baltimore, a 
station used mainly for the convenience of Summer visitors to the 
Blue Ridge ^fountains. Its situation commands an extended view 
of a most fertile and beautiful territory. Alonterey is located in 
the very midst of a score or more of picturesque resorts, noted 
for healthful influences and cheerful surroundings. Within half a 
mile of Alonterey Station is situated the widely-famed Ab^iterey 
Springs Hotel, with accommodations for two hundred and seventy- 
five o-uests. The hotel is a handsomely proportioned brick structure, 
with substantial frame annex. Its elevation is fourteen hundred 



— 87 — 

feet above sea level, The adjacent grounds, coin})rising beautirully 
shaded groves, gardens, lawns, tennis field, etc., cover an area itf four 
hundred acres. The buildings are provided with bath, gas, bowling 
alley and a detached play-i'ooni for children. Monterey has been 
ftimous as a |)ublic liealth resort for more than a century. Before 
the erection of the })resent hotel, the site was occupied by other 
noted hostelries bearing the same nanu-. In its earlier history the 
resort was frequently visited by President Buchanan, Hon. '^rhaddeus 
Stevens and other distinguished guests. On the night of -Tuly 4th, 
1863, the army of (leneral Lee, numbering forty-three thousand men, 
in retreat from Gettysburg Battlefield, encamped at Monterey. The 
commanding elevation enabled Lee to control the situation of the 
numerous roads and surrounding country in deciding upon the objec- 
tive course of his retreat. The locality of Monterey has always been 
a favorite and ])opular field for botanical students, artists and 
geologists, affording as it does a wide diversity of subjects for 
studies and sketches. S})lendid roads, beautiful drives and an 
unsurpassed expanse of charming scenery, are likewise notable fea- 
tures of the Monterey region. Among the historic and picturesque 
localities within easy reach of Monterey are Emmitsburg (the seat 
of the renowned Mount St. Mary's College, founded in 1808 by 
Rev. John Dubois, afterwards Bishop of New York), Gettysburg, 
iVntietam, ^lont Alto and Doubling Gap. The drive to these 
points is over macadamized roads. Nearer localities of enjoyable 
interest are ^Nlount Quirauk, High Kock, Blue Mountain House, 
The Cascades, Devil's Race Course, Fairfield, Hanging Valley, etc., 
all Avithin from two to six miles of Monterey. Natural sjirings 
of purest water abound throughout this panoramic and enchanting 
countrv. During the season conveyances from the surrounding 
numerous resorts meet all trains of the Western Maryland Railroad 
at ]\Ionterev or other more convenient stations. 

Jack's Mountain Station. — Twenty-three miles from Ha- 
gerstown, sixteen miles from Gettysburg and seventy-scA-en mrles 
from Baltimore. Between ^lonterey and Jack's jVIountain Station 




BLUE ROCK CUT NEAR MARIA FURNACE. 



— 89 — 

is located the mountain tunnel, pierced and lirwn through solid 
rock. Near Jack's Mountain Station is situated the j)leasant 
village of Fountaindale. The town lies directly at the moun- 
tain's base on either side of the pike. Thousands of Confederate 
troops passed througli Foimtaindale en route to Trettrsburg. 
The ^'■oldest inhabitantx" now excitedly describe the vivid scenes 
then enacted Avithin their quiet and sequestered village. The 
hasty depletion of hen roosts, pig stys and barn yards by tlie 
foraging squads, without even so much as a "thank von, sir," 
created an awe inspiring wonderment in ilie minds of the }dain 
and honest villagers that completely annihilated all feelings of 
indignation, and prevented any attempt at what would have proved 
useless resistance. The necessities created by the force of circum- 
stances are practically irresistible in times of war. Leaving the 
tunnel, the course of the old •' Tape-Worm "" Tiailroad makes the 
graceful sweep of a perfect horse-shoe curve, ]nissing the ruins of 
the old "• Maria Furnace," and crossing Tom's Creek just at the 
apex of the curve. 

Maria Furnace. — Twenty-seven miles from Hagerstown, 
twenty-three miles from Gettysburg and eighty miles fi-om Balti- 
more. This locality is not only associated with mitural and his- 
toric interest, but serves as a practical example of the remark- 
able changes that can be wrought by the ravages of time. The 
railroad station takes its name from the adjacent ruins of the 
old '^Maria Furnace." More than half a century ago, Maria Fur- 
nace, then owned and operated by Hon. Thaddeus Stevens, the 
great commoner, Avas deemed an enterprise of wonderful promise. 
As an important industrial plant its location was highly favored. 
The site occupied by the furnace is surrounded by rich and ex- 
tensive ore fields. Employment was then afforrled to hundreds of 
operatives, and the jDroduction of iron comparatively reduced to a 
minimum cost. Xo industry was ever established with brighter 
prospects of a successful aiul progressive future. When the pre.?-- 
tige of the old State Railroad became a (juestion of doubt, and the 



— 91 — 

suggested measures for its completion were annulled by special 
enactment of the Legislature of Pennsylvania, a long period of 
inactivity ensued, during which the Maria Furnace languished on 
the •• ragged edge " of forlorn hope. The maintenance of a great 
iron industry in a locality devoid of the means of transporting its 
products, was akin to '•"shi}) building in a desert." Gradually but 
surely the enterprise died tlie death of neglect and abandonment. 
Its fires were hanked forever. Now all that i-emains of its former 
greatness is a crumbling mass of ruins. Our illustration on oppo- 
site page presents an accurate view of the ruins of this once noted 
industry. Millions of tons of excellent ore can be obtained in this 
territory within easy or immediate access of the now perfectly 
equipped railroad operated by tlie Western Maryland Railroad Com- 
pany. A grand field is presented for the re-development of an 
industry which natural conditions and convenient facilities for 
transportation combine to render almost imperative. 

Fairfield. — Twenty-eight miles from Hagerstown, eleven miles 
from Gettysburg and eighty-one miles from Baltimore. The town 
of Fairfield, Adams County, Penna., (originally called ]\[illers- 
town), has a population of about five hundred. Its location is in a 
beautiful valley, about three-quarters of a mile from the railroad 
station of the same name, and directly faces Jack's ^fountain. 
Large quantities of oak tanning bark gathered by the sturdy moun- 
taineers are shipped from Fairfield station. Cattle, grain and hay 
are also extensively freighted from this point, and form a produc- 
tive source of revenue for the thrifty farmers. Fairfield is blessed 
with good schools and four chui-bhes, Lutheran. Methodist, Catholic 
.and Reformed, thus providing a source of religious influence for 
numerous residents of the adjacent country. Among the industries 
of Fairfield is a steam power spoke factory, saw mills, etc., giving 
■employment to almost the entire male j)opulation. There is only 
one hotel in Fairfield, an old-fashioned, solid and comfortable 
structure of liberal proportions, with ample accommodations for a 
large numl)er of guests. At Fairfield Station the Railroad Company 



— 92 — 

has ciTctcd :i liaiidsoiiic Wrick station building, with spacious and 
checii'ul wairin-- rooms, ticket- oflicc, telegraph facilities, etc.; also a. 
substantial grain elevator with a caijacity of tiftcen thousand bush- 
els, atfording great convenience in the storage and hauling of grain 
for trans])ortation. 

Virginia Mills. — Distant one mile west of Fairlield is a freight 
station mainly used to facilitate the shipment of grain, hay and 
timber. Near this station is located tlie old " X'irginia ]\Iills,*' from 
which the station takes its name. " ^larshall "' and " Heintzleman '^ 
are also important freight stations situated at convenient points be- 
tween Virginia Mills and Orrtanna. 

Orrtanna. — Thirty-two miles from Hagerstow n, eight miles 
from Gettysburg and seventy-rdne miles from Baltimore. The- 
western extension of the AVestern Maryland Railroad, completed in 
the spring of '89, comprises that portion of the B. & H. Division 
extending from Orrtanna to Hightield — a distance of tifteen miles. 
The name of the station is a combination of the names "Orr" (a. 
family name well established in this locality) and "Tannery,"' from 
the fact that a large tannery was at one time operated near the sta- 
tion. At Orrtanna are located extensive lime-kilns. Near Orrtanna 
is situated the thriving village of C'ashtown. The station is also a 
convenient point for -the freightage of hay, cattle, timber, cord- 
wood, bark and charcoal. 

McKnightstown. — Thirty-four miles from Hagerstown, six: 
miles from (iettysburg and seventy-^even miles from Baltimoi'e. Mc- 
Knightstown, Adams county, Pa., (formerly named Salem), is a. 
quiet and cleanly rural town of about two hundred and fifty in- 
habitants. The railroad station (of the same name) is located 
about half a mile from the village. I\IcKnightsto\vn can boast of 
two churches, a first-rate hotel and an attractive array of red-brick 
dwellings. Hay packing and the storage and shipment of grain are 
the pi'incipal industries of McKnightstown and vicinitv. 



— 9o — 

Seven Stars. — Thirty-six miles i'roni Ilagerstown, four miles 
from Oettyslmi'jf and seventy-five miles from Baltimore. At this 
point tlie rnilroad crosses the liistoric Chatiihersburg jiikc, made 
famous as the route of Lee's advanct' and retreat during the dark 
days of '63. Seven Stars is a (juaint and jncturesqne village of about 
150 to 200 inhabitants. It is recorded that many years ago a tlirifty 
iind shrewd old German established an "inn" or "tavern" l)y the 
\\-ayside (now Chamsbersburg ])ike), near the present location of the 
railroad station. His sign-board was of mammoth dimensions, and 
bore the name "Seven Stars Hotel," surmounted by a semi-cii-cle of 
seven stars. The "Seven Stars Hotel" is still fulfilling its mission 
as a "stopi^ing-place for the tired and thirsty wayfarer." It is from 
the odd title of this ancient liostelry that the village takes its 
name. Hay packing and the cutting and shipping of large quanti- 
ties of fibre wood for paper-mills are among the leading industries 
of this locality. The adjacent lands are richly cultivated and yield 
profuse crops of grain and market }iroducts. 

Stremmels. — A freight station, located two miles irom Get- 
tysburg. Near the station several extensive stone quarries are 
operated. From this point Seminary Ridge is in full view; also 
the Lutheran Theological Seminary, which was used as a hospital 
during the continuance of the great battle. The lines of battle ex- 
tended far to the west, north and east of Stremmels. From the 
cupola of the seminary building General Buford directed the open- 
ing of the battle on the early morning of July 1. From Stremmels, 
one mile onward toward Gettysburg, the route of the "Gettysburg 
{Short Line" is directly through the battlefield. This division of the 
field formed by the railroad cut lias frequently received historical 
mention in the most comprehensive accounts of the battle. Near 
Stremmels is the scene of the first day's fight. To make all points 
of this locality accessible, the Battlefield Memorial Association has 
constructed a wide and well graded avenue, commencing at the Ha- 
gerstown road and extending to Mummasburg road, ci'ossing the 
Chambersburg pike and the famous old "Tape-Worm" Railroad. This 



— 94 — 

beautiful diivc is called "Reynolds Avenue," and is a direct route to 
manv of the most iiii(i()r(aiit }»ositi()ns of the first day's conllict", in- 
cluding the "Reynolds Park,*' where CJeneral Iieynolds was killed. 
The spot where TJeynolds fell and died is indicated by a sign-board 
attaclied to a large oak tree located in the northeastern section of 
the gxove. A bronze statue of (ieneral Reynolds is erected in the 
Natioiuil Cemetery, near the entrance. In the field, on either side 
of the railroad cut, and along the entire line of Reynolds avenue^ 
many elaborate monuments are located, prominent among which are 
the shafts of the (Itli Wisconsin Volunteers (Iron Brigade), 14tli 
Brooklyn, 84th New York Infantry, 3d Indiana Cavalry, 1st Brig- 
ade; 147th New' York Infantry, 2d Brigade, 1st Corps; 56th Penn- 
sylvania, 2d Brigade, 1st Division. 1st Corps. (The latter regiment, 
it is claimed, delivered the opening fire of infantry.) 8th New York 
Cavalry, 1st P)rigade, 1st Division; Reynolds Battery, 1st New Y^ork 
Light Artillei'y, and 07th New York Infantry. On the route of 
Reynolds avenue are also erected the monuments of the 2d and 7tlL 
Wisconsin, \^olunteer Infantry, Iron Brigade, and the beautiful and 
imposing shaft of the 24th Michigan, 1st Division, Iron Brigade. 







,^ft 



_96 



Incidents and Localities of Interest 



— TO THE — 



Visitor to Gettysburg "'Battlejietd. 



GENERAL LEE'S HEADQUARTERS. 

Ty EAVIXG Strenimel's Station, apjoroacliing Gettysburg, 
I i stone building occupied during tlie battle as the 
headquarters of General Lee is visible (to the 
right) from the car windows. The building fronts on 
the Chambersburg pike about one-half mile from the 
western limits of the town. The headquarters of Gen- 
eral Lee is among the most noted points of interest in 
tlie vicinity of the first day's fight, and a tour of inves- 
tigation in that locality is not deemed complete without 
u visit to that noted structure. 

ONLY CONFEDERATE REGIMENTAL MONU- 
MENT ON THE BATTLEFIELD. 

Near the " Valley of Death " is lo- 
cated the memorial of the 2d Maryland 
Regiment, C. S. A., the only Confede- 
rate regimental monument on the bat- 
tlefield. The 2d Maryland, distin- 
guished for relentless bravery 
and remarkable daring, was con- 
nected with Steuart's Brigade of 
Johnson's Division, and was the 
only Confederate regiment from 
Maryland participating in tlie 
battle of Gettysburg. The Vir- 



the old 




^ 





THE ONLY CONFEDERATE REGIMENTAL MONUMENT ON GETTYSBURG BATTLEFIELD. 



97 



— 08 — 

ginia i-oiiiiiuuuls, liowovL-r, included minierous Murylanders. In 
niaiiv instances entire companies of Maryland soldiers" were en- 
rollrd ill Virginia regiments and accredited to the latter State. 
During the conflict the 2d :\[aryland, C. 8. A., which entered the 
fight numbering 400, lost 50 killed and 140 wounded. A c(jrrect 
representation of tlie monument of this regiment is presented in our 
illustration. 

THE KATALYSINE SPRING. 

The celebrated Katalysine Spring is situated within half a mile 
of Lee's headqmirters, near the Springs Hotel, and about 200 yards 
south of the Charabersburg pike. The curative properties of the 
"Katalysine" water is considered especially beneincial in kidney and 
bladder troubles. The Spring is very copious, and the Avater is 
shipped in large quantities to numerous points throughout the 
United States and Europe. Several other mineral springs have 
recently been located within a mile of the "Katalysine" waters. 

WHO FIRED THE FIRST SHOT? 

About 2^ miles from Gettysburg, on the Chambersburg pike, the 
visitor will observe a memorial stone located in the angle of an ad- 
jacent field immediately opposite the Hester Mill road. The inscrip- 
tion upon the stone indicates that it marks the spot where Captain 
Jones, of Company E, 8th Hlinois Cavalry, stood at 7.30 o'clock ou 
the morning of July 1st, 1863, and fired the first shot of the great 
battle with Sergeant Shafer's carbine. There is, however, a wide 
diversity of opinion regarding the absolute correctness of this claim. 
The vast area of the battlefield, Avith tens of thousands of troops 
gathering from every direction and concentrating toward a coMimon 
centre, would in itself render it almost impossible to decide with 
certaintv, when or by whom the first shot of the battle of Gettys- 
burg was fired, hence it is not surprising that the distinction of firing 
the '\first shot" is claimed liy many. 



— 99 



AN INTERESTING RELIC OF THE GREAT BATTLE. 

In the "Sherfy House'' yard stands an old cherry tree scarred 
and shattered. Imbedded almost in tlie centre of its sturdy trunk 
is a ten-pound shell, supposed to have been fired from a Confederate 




SHELL LODGED IN TREE, SHBRFY HOUSE, NEAR PEACH ORCHARD, 



^un during the terrible conflict in the *' Peach Orchard."' The 
shell is now protected by a screen of wire netting to guard it from 
the too close and curious investigation of relic hunters. The 
"Sherfy House" is located on the Emmitsburg road, almost within 
sight of the "•' Peach Orchard." The dwelling is now occupied by 



— 100 — 

John Slu'i-fy. will' will clRvrfully advise visitors of many interest- 
ms: facts coiinrctcd witli the great battle. IMany regimental monu- 
ments of beautiful and appropriate design are erected in this locality, 
three of which an- memorials of the 9th Massachusetts Battery. 

TREES SHATTERED BY MUSKETRY FiRE. 

In making a tour of the battlefield the visitor will frequently 
note the scarred and shattered trunks and branches of sturdy trees 
that were exposed to the raking fire of " grape and canister." Scat- 
tered throughout tlie trunk of a large tree that it was necessary to 
cut down as an obstacle in grading an avenue on the battlefield, there 
was found imbedded in the trunk and larger branches over nine hun- 
dred shot and rifle-balls of various kinds and sizes. This is only 
one of many similar instances. It seems impossible- that even time 
and nature can remove the evidences of that terrible scourge of artil- 
lery fire to wdiich the surrounding woodland was subjected during- 
that awful three-days' fight. 

NAMES OF THE BATTLEFIELD AVENUES. 

1. Eeynolds. 2. Hancock. 3. Sickles. 4. Sykes. 5. Sedg- 
wick. 6. Howard. 7. Slocum. 8. Meade. 9. Pleasanton. 10. 
Buford. 11. Gregg. 12. Kilpatrick. 13. Devin. 14. Merritt. 
15. Neill. 16. Wright. 17. Excelsior. 18. United States. 19. 
Crawford. 20. Brooke. 21. Longstreet. 22. EiDell 23. Hill 
24. Stuart. 

THE SPOT WHERE REYNOLDS FELL. 

West of the Lutheran Theological Seminary is located a beau- 
tiful grove, known as " Reynolds Park." It was here that General 
Reynolds received his death wound. In the northeastern section 
of this grove a large oak tree marks the spot where Reynolds felL 




TREES SHOWING THE EFFECTS OF ilUSKETRY FIRB, 



— 103 — 

ROUND TOP PARK EXCURSION RESORT. 

Visitors to " l\ound Top ' will tiiul ample uud convenient ar- 
rangements for recreation and enjoyment at Ivonnd Top Park. 
The location of the excursion resort is about 'S miles from (iettys- 
burg, and in the vicinity of "Devil's Den.'' " the Wheatfield" and 
otlier noted points of interest. It is readied 1»}^ tlie Emmitsburg 
and Taneytown Roads ; also by cars of the Gettysburg Electric 
Railway from Gettysburg. 

THE BATTLEFIELD OBSERVATORY. 

On the elevated ground of Memorial Park, east of the Na- 
tional Cemetery, is erected the Battlefield Observatory. From its 
height the view of the surrounding country covers, an expanse of 
over fifteen miles. Nearly every notable locality of the great bat- 
tlefield can be seen from this superb eminence. The observatory 
was erected in IS 78. 

THE FOUNDER OF GETTYSBURG. 

James Getty, the founder of Gettysburg, is buried in Ever- 
green Cemetery, which adjoins the National Cemetery. The citi- 
zens have erected a handsome monument to his memory. A visit 
to Evergreen Cemetery will undoulitedly prove interesting to tourists. 

MISS JENNIE WADE. 

Tlie only woman killed during the three days' fight was Miss 
Jennie Wade. Iler death was accidental. She was struck by a 
stray bullet whilst engaged in attending to household duties. The 
house in which she resided is situated on Baltimore street extended, 
only a short distance from the National Cemeterv. 

JOHN BURNS: THE HERO OF GETTYSBURG. 

The residence forniei'ly occupied by old John Burns is located 
at the terminus o{' Cliambersburg street. The following descrip- 



— 103 — 

tion of the venture that nuule John Burns famous is taken from an 
article written by W. H. Tipton, of Gettysburij: 

"On the memorable 1st of July, '63, at the commencement of the bat- 
tle of Gettysburg, John Bv;rns, then past 70 years of age, and a citizen of 
this place, inspiied bj' the spirit of true patriotism, shouldered his trusiy 
rifle and went out to meet the enemy, who were within a short distance 
of town in the direction of C'hambersburg. Burns entered tlie ranks of 
a Wisconsin regiment. In tiie early part of the engagement he was 
wounded twice, and althougli sufTering from his wounds, he faltered not, 
but, like the heroes of olden times, passed on eager for the combat, in 
which he took an active part, until near four o'clock P. 31., when he fell 
badly wounded by a ball in the ankle. Soon after his fall the Federal army 
retreated, leaving him upon the field within the enemy's lines, where he lay 
until the following morning." 

John Burns is buried in Evergreen Cemetery. 

GULP'S HILL. 

The name '• Gulp's Hill " has passed into history as one of the 
most important localities of the battle of Gettysburg. Gulp's Hill 
is situated about half a: mile southeast of Gemetery Hill. These 
positions were both considered strongholds duritig the conflict. 









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105 



Blue JVIountain House 



I THIN an hour's ride from Gettysburg is the world- 
L*" renowned Blue Mountain and Pen-Mar region, famed 
for the matchless magnificence of its scenic splendors, inspiring 
■elevations, and superb expanse of rich and fertile valleys. This is 
the picturesque locality of that delightful haven of rest, recreation 
and healthful diversion, the Blue Mountain House. Visitors 
to Gettysburg Battlefield should not fail to see and appreciate the 
grand concentration of Nature's most inspiring creations that has 
made the name of Blue Mountain famous throughout the land. 
Lovers of grand natural scenery and picturesque beauty can traverse 
no section of the country that presents so many varied pictures of 
panoramic enchantment, as are witnessed during the interesting 
trip of twenty-five miles over the B. & H. Division and main line 
of the Western Maryland Railroad to the Blue Ridge Mountains. 
The traveler passes through fertile valleys and undulating lands, 
teeming with luxuriant vegetation. Emerging from the low-lands 
by gradual ascent, the rugged grandeur of the Blue Ridge opens to 
view, near Highfield, the junction iwiut with the main line. Just 
two miles west of Highfield, is Blue Mountain Station. 

"Here the majesty of Nature in her sublimest mood has touched 
with her fairy Avand these enchanted scenes of reality." . . . 

Amid the picturesque and inspiring scenery of the Blue Ridge 
Mountains, majestically located at an elevation of nearly 1,500 feet 
above tidewater, the Blue Mountain House commands a superb 
and unobstructed view of the Avorld-famed Cumberland and Shen- 
andoah Vallevs. Words are inadequate to describe the gorgeous 
and radiant beauty of the scenic splendors that greet the enraptured 



— 106 — 

gaze of the tourist or visitor to this charming locality. Noted 
travelers have proclaimed this magnificent region "A miniature 
universe of Nature's most suhlimc and enrliantind charms.''^ 

" So sweet a spot of eartli, you might, I ween, 
Have sjuessed some congregation of the elves. 
To sport by summer moons, had shaped it for themselves." 

"the queen resort of the blue ridge." 

The Blue Mountain House is justly classed among the most 
noted summer resorts of America. One can scarcely picture a more 
delightful spot wherein to while away the sultry days of summer. 
Its superb elevation, its accessibility, its superior conveniences, its 
inspiring surroundings, and the many facilities afforded for perfect 
restful contentment and healthful and exhilarating diversion, at 
once commend this famous retreat as an ideiil and unsurpassed 
Mountain resort. The days are pleasant and enjoyable, the peren- 
nial breezes impregnated with the appetizing aroma of the forest 
arouse the vital forces to vigorous action, and create a buoyancy of 
spirits that makes you realize an existence under most favored con- 
ditions. 

A brief ride of three minutes fi'om the station, in the hotel con- 
veyance, along a broad and winding driveway on the Mountain 
slope, within the area of the Blue Mountain House grounds,. and 
the visitor has reached his destination. You linger almost spell- 
bound a few moments on the broad and breezy porch, to gaze with 
mingled sensations of aAve and admiration upon the vast and beau- 
teous panorama of scenic glories that greets your sweeping gaze 
across the magnificent expanse of the Cumberland and Shenandoah 
Valleys. 

" 'Twas pleasant through the loopholes of retreat 
To peep on such a world." 

It is a glance to be remembered for the lifetime of those who 
have not before witnessed this inspiring scene, this radiant outburst 



— 108 — 

of Natinv's haiuliwork, that so sii])erbly blends tin- pictiiivs(|iie with 
the .supn-me (Iclicafv of beauty, and a iVesh joy to those avIio are 
familiar ^vith tlie clianii and fascination of its impressive richness. 

It has been said aad oft rcjwalcd that '-tlu' ctocjui'iar of a 
Demosthenes, nanti'uaid iritli tla- jinctir acnius of a Bi/roa, 
would fail to do jastirc to an accurate description of tlw 
matchless scenery of tlic icortd -fana'd Cund/ertaad and 
Shenandoah Valleys, as witnessed froni the eniinence of the 
Blue Ridge Mountains, on which the Blue Mountain House 
is so inajesticalli/ located." Standing at a central point 
upon the main porch of tlte hotel, and gazing at the hro((d 
expanse of fertile vallegs that cjdemt onmird and (atirarrf 
toivard the distant mountains, the rietr is truhj iialescritnt- 
hle. Its vastness, its grandeur aud inspiring heauty dawn 
upon the enraptured mi nil like a glorious vision rerealing 
a fairyland of radiance ami enctnintment. 

In construction, appointments and management the Blue Moun- 
tain House is truly the practical exemplification of a Model Sum- 
mer Resort, l)esides possessing many exclusive advantages, realized 
through eligibility of location and proximity to historic and inter- 
esting points, made quickly accessible by the excellent train service 
of the Western Maryland Railroad, or by delightful drives over 
well-kept roads. In architectural beauty and interior adornment 
the Blue Mountain House presents many })leasing features. The 
hotel has ample accommodations for five hundred guests. The ad- 
vantage gained by its extensive frontage is evident from the fact 
that only three sleeping floors are required, and that every room is 
therefore desirable. In adopting this i)lan of construction a de- 
cided improvement is at once established over numerous summer 
hotels where guests are compelled to lodge in the sixth or seventh 
story. 

The sleeping rooms or chambers are spacious, with high ceilings. 
Light, sunshine, pure air and perfect ventilation are rightly con- 
sidered i>rime factors in the promotion of health and the recupera- 
tion of enervated vital force. These important physical aids to 



— 109 — 

indiviiluul comfort ;uv secured ;it the Blue Mouxtatx House to a 
far greater extent than is experienced in many otlier large hotels. 
This locality is ah^iolufchj free frota mosquifoes. 

Within two miles of Blue Mouxtaix House is tlie famous 
Edgemont Peach Region. The orchards cover thousands of acres 
of fruit bearing trees. The industry of jJeach culture in the Blue 
Mountain region is as important as the cultivation of oranges in 
Florida. This locality is called the land of ^'peaches niid cream.''^ 

The Blue Mouxtaik House is the leading and most frequented 
resort of the Blue Ridge Mountains. The country for miles in 
every direction is fairly teeming with hotels, cottages, villas and 
farm houses, accommodating thousands of summer boarders during 
the season, each providing diversions for its guests, the most inter- 
esting of which is a morning or afternoon drive over excellent roads 
to the picturesque region of the Blue Mountain" House and Pex- 
Mae. a sojourn at any point on the Blue Ridge in this locality is 
not deemed complete -without seeing these renowned resorts and 
their many varied and attractive features. All roads lead to the 
"Queen Resort" of the Blue Ridge Mountains — 

"Ami he who is on pleasure bent 
May whims indulge to heart's content." 

The trip to Blue Mountain House, from many important 
points, is relieved of the generally unpleasant feature of night 
travel. The resort is so promptly reached that tourists from New 
York, Philadelphia, Wilmington, Baltimore, Washington, Rich- 
mond, Pittsburg and many other localities, arrive at Blue Mountain 
after an easy journey of from two to ten hours' duration. 



Ill — 



OLD FORT FREDERICK. 



At the eastern end of Big Pool Station, on the Potomac Valley 
Branch of the Western Maryland Railroad, stands historic Old 
Fort Frederick, the only ante-revolutionary military monument 
remaining in Maryland. 

The walls of the fort are twenty feet in height, and are in a good 
state of preservation. The interior is now a green sward two or 
three acres in extent. The structure stands on one of the foot-hills 
of North Mountain, overlooking the canal and Potomac River, 
with the mountains of West Virginia opi)osite. In the rear is Fair 
View, a peak of Xorth Mountain. The situation is very beautiful. 
The railroad (at east end of j)Ool) passes within a few hundred 
yards of the entrance to the Fort. 

Fort Frederick was built by the colonial government in 1755 to 
protect the inhabitants of what were then the frontier settlements 
of the province from the incursions of the Indians. Excursions to 
Old Fort Frederick are among the diversions enjoyed by guests 
of the Blue Mountain House. 





112 



TIP-TOP TOWER. MT. QUIRAUK— 2500 FEET ABOVE SEA LEVEL. 



113 



TME^ is^a.t:x rvi:vE> 



WESTERN MARYLAND RAILROAD. 



pG9-(T\ar, tl?(^ pa(r|0dJ5 ^XGiJrsioF} I^esort. 



YTTHE main line of the Western Maryland Railroad extends from 
®IL^ Baltimore to Williamsport, Md., ninety- tliree miles. At 
Edgemont, seventy-five miles from Baltimore, is the junction point 
of a branch of the Western Maryland Railroad, loiown as the 
^'Baltimore and Cumberland Valhy Railroad," extending north- 
ward thirty-four miles to its terminus, Shippensbnrg. The route 
passes directly through the prosperous towns of Waynesboro and 
Ch amber sbnrg. 

The "Baltimore and Cumberland Valley Railroad" places the 
richly developed adjacent territory in direct and easy commu- 
nication with Baltimore, The distance from Shippensbnrg to 
Baltimore, via the Baltimore and Cumberland Valley Railroad 
and Western Maryland Railroad, main line, is one hundred and 
nine miles, and from Chambersburg to Baltimore the distance is 
only ninety-seven miles. From Shippensbnrg and Chambersburg 
to Philadelphia the distance is one hundred and forty-one and one 
hundred and fifty-tivo miles respectively. The Baltimore, Carroll 
and Frederick Railroad Company, now the Western ]\Iaryland Rail- 
road, was incorporated in 1852. Its charter empowered it to con- 
struct a line to the headwaters of the Monocacy river. The mxme 
of the road was changed in 1853 to "Western Maryland," and at 
the same time authority was granted by the Legislature to extend 
its line to Hagerstown. On December 17, 1873, the road was 
completed from Baltimore to Williaansport, Md., on the Potomac 
river. The completion of extensions from Williamsport to "Cherry 



— lU — 

Run," a station on the B. & 0. R. K., and from " Porters," on the 
B. & H. Division of the Western Maryland Railroad to York, Pa., 
has opened a vast and valuable territory for additional traffic, and 
made the Western Maryland Railroad a most important factor to 
the commerce of Baltimore. 

PEN-MAR, THE POPULAR MOUNTAIN EXCURSiqN 

RESORT. 

Pen'-M AR, the peerless mountain excursion resort, is located on 
the main line of the Western Maryland Railroad, near the summit 
of the Blue Ridge Mountains, seventy-one miles west of Baltimore, 
sixteen miles east of Hagerstown, and half mile east of Blue 
Mountain House. The resort is under the direct management of 
the Western Maryland Railroad Company, which has most liberally 
provided many features of recreation and healthful diversion for 
excursionists and visitors, such as can be thoroughly appreciated 
'mid the exhilarating altitudes. Music, dancing, and a score of 
varied amusements, are enjoyed by thousands of delighted visitors 
during the season. Pen-Mar is located directly on the Mason and 
Dixon line dividing Pennsylvania and Maryland, and derives its 
name from a combination of the first three letters of the States 
named, Pennsylvania — P-e-n, and Maryland — M-a-r — Pen-Mar. 
Excursion trains from Baltimore to Pen- Mar are run daily, arriv- 
ing shortly before noon, and leaving Pen-Mar returning at 6 P. M. 

LOCALITIES OF ENJOYABLE INTEREST. 

Carriages are always in readiness at Pen-Mar Park to convey you 
to the lofty realms of wonderland. Up, up, up you go, along the 
High Rock road, now 'neath the sombre shadows of towering moun- 
tain peaks ; now on the borders of a deep and craggy ravine, jutted 
with sturdy and majestic trees that have withstood the blasts of 
centuries; then, when the summit is reached and the glories of 
the beauteous valleys greet your fascinated gaze, your very soul 



— 115 — 

drinks in the nectar of enchantment. Spellbound you gaze upon 
a picture of Nature unsurpassed in grandeur and sublimity, and 
fairly radiant in panoramic loveliness. 




HIGH ROCK OBSERVATORY. 



One of the many attractive rambles is along the mountain path 
leading through a deeply shaded grove, to the Blue Mountain 
House, just one mile west of Pen-Mar. The overhanging branches 
of grand old forest trees afford complete protection from the sun's 
rays even at noonday. 



— 116 — 



GLEN AFTON SPRING. 



Profusely bul)bling from the biise of the mountain, within five 
minutes' walk of Pen-Mar Park, is Glen Afton Spring, a most 
charming- and romantic retreat, justly meriting the visitor's enthu- 



^^^S^^^HQ 


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'•^'5^'^p^^^BSi^S^^'^ 




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AMERICAN BAMK MC 


TE CO N Y 



GLEN AFTON SPRING. 



siastic interest. The spring is sheltered by a rustic structure, in 
the centre of Avhicli is constructed a pool, or pebbled basin, catch- 
ing and retaining the clear, cool and sparkling waters that floAv in- 
cessantly from the rocky crevices in the mountain's slope. 




PENNSY]>VANIA COLLEGE. GETTYSBURG, PA. 



The McComick lufbine 

On Vertical or Horizontal Shaft, 
Especially Adapted for Electrical Work. 

(lives more power per (liaineter witli a 
lii«her i)ereentasi;e of useful effect thau 
any otiier water-wlieel heretofore made. 

All sizes, right and left hand, are built from 
patterns perfected under systematic tests in 
the Holyoke Testing Flume. 

Parties having power plants which are un- 
satisfactory, and those contemplating the 
improvement of powers, will find it to their 
interest to confer with us, as we are willing* 
to guarantee results where others have 
failed, no matter what make of turbine 
lias Immmi in nse. State requirements and 
send for Catalo«:ue. 

S. MORGAN SMITH CO. 

Estimates furnished for complete power plants and 
results guaranteed. 

A. B. Farquhar Co. 

(limited.) 

Engines, Sacu jVIills, 

Threshing Machines 




A.^>ii:» 




Agricultural 

Implements 

GENERALLY. 



— 118 — 




21-27 EAST MARKET STREET. 

^P~ Business Houses promptly supplied with Book- 
keepers, StenogTaphers aud Clerical Assistants with- 
out charge for our services. 



Three Courses of Study, 

BUSINESS, 
SHORTHAND AND 
TYPEWRITING, 
ENGLISH. 

Pupils admitted at any time. 

PENVIANSHIP. BOOKKEEPING 

AND SHORTHAND 
Thorougrhly taught by mail. 

Catalotrue and beautiful 
specimens of penmanship free. 

Address, 

W. H. PATRICK. Principal, 

York. Pa. 



THE COIiOHlALi HOTEL! 

VORK, R7X. 

THE LEADING $2.50 AND $3.00 PER DAY HOTEL IN THE STATE 

CONDUCTED ON THE AMERICAN PLAN ONLY. 



House Equipped with all Modern Furnishings. 



Dining Rooms on the Sixth Floor. 



W\ A. RBI ST, f ropWetoi . 



FRICK COMPANY 



IVIANUFACSTUF^EF^^ OF 



MACHINERY 

HIGHEST AWARDS 
WHEREVER EXHIBITED. 





Eilip»L- Trillion. 

I^T" Write for CATALOGUES of our 
several lines. Address 



Eclipse loe Mui'lilne. 



WAYNESBORO. PENNfl. 



— 119 — 



TO SBB THB 



tll'j' 



(M 



'•■'-il ',; ' 






"^ 



Battlefield 



T A Iv E THE 



BLBCTHIC CA.RS, 

WHICH REACH ALL OF THE MOST 

IMPORTANT POINTS ON 

THE FIELD. 

)Sational Cemetery, Gast Cemetery Rill, 

)VIeade'9 Headquarters, Peach Orchard, 

Mheat field, VcvWq Den, 

Little Round Cop, 

Bloody Hngle, Righ (Hater jMark. 

Passing en route the Bryan House, Codori House, 

Rogers House, Sherfy House, and some of the 

most elaborate and costly Memorials 

on the Battlefield. 



SCHEDULE OF CARS AND RATES OF FARES. 

Cars leave Gettysburg daily at 7 a. m. and every 15 minutes 
after. Cars meet all trains on the W. M. R. R. and P. & R. 
R. R. (Take the cars at the depot.) . 

Fare Gettysburg to Round Top and return, - - - lOGts. 
Tickets allowing 7 stops witli service of GUIDE, - - 25 " 

Special Rates to G. A. R. Posts, Sunday Schools, Societies 
and Lodges. Write for map and small folder, giving full de- 
tails of our system of conducting parties over the Battlefield 
in charge of our Guide. For further information, &c., apply 
to or address 

O. S. HBRTZOG, :\liinager. 

Avoid Irresponsible Hackmen at the Depots. 



130 — 



J. I. IWUIVIPER, 

BATTLEFIELD 

Photogpaphep 

29 BALTIMORE ST., 

GETT"2'SBI7RG, T'JL. 

Arrangements can be made to have your i)artv 
Photosrraphed on any part of the field. Pho- 
tographs of all points of inter .-st and 
all of the Monuments. 



Souvenif Albums and Guide Books. ^ '' 



Mail Orders lleceive Prompt Attention. 

TELEPHONE NO. 85. 




■C. W. HOLTZWORTH. 



ESTABLISHED OCT. 24, 1870. J. Hakry Holtzworth. 



HOLTZWORTH J.^. 1 AL. * - "^ I 

HOLTZWORTH BROS., Proprietors, 



REAR OF EAGLE HOTEL, 



'Washington Street, 



QEriYSBURQ, PA. 



TELEPHONE No. 61. 



If you desire to see the Battlefield thoroughly it will be to your advantage to give 
us a call. We have the largest transportation establishment in Southern Pennsyl- 
vania, equipped with the most comfortable carriages. We make the Battlefield a 
•specialty. Mr. L. W. Minnigh, the well-known Battlefield Guide and Lecturer, is con- 
nected with this establishment, with a corps of assistantsthoroughly familiar with the 
movements of all the troops in the battle, making it possible for us to show you the 
Battlefield in such a manner that you can easily understand it. Orders for teams bv 
mail or telegraph, giving number in i)arty, with day and time of arrival, will receive 
prompt attention. ^r"WE GUARANTEE SAflSFACTION. 




W. H. TIPTON, 

THE BATTLEFIELD 

PHOTOGRAPHER 

Studio, 3 Main Street, 

GETTYSBURG. 



TELEPHONE CALL 104. 



Photographs in all sizes of every 

monument and point of interest 

.... on the field 

Maps, Guide Books, Tourists' Nov- 
elties and Lantern Slides. 

SPECIAL GROUPS MADE ANYWHERE. 



121 



Penn^ ylynniei C oIIg^g^ 

I. Classical Course for the Degree of A- B. 

II. Scientific Course for tlie Dejrree of 1? S. 

III. l'<ist-( Jniduatc Course for the Deg-ree of Ph. D. 
1\'. Special Course in all Departments- 

V. Elective Studies in Junior and Senior Years. 

VI. New Testament Oreek and Hebrew in English Bible Department- 
VII. Preparatory Medical Course. 

Observatory, Laboratories and new Gymnasium. All buildings heated with steam 
from central plant. Libraries, 35,000 volumes. >'ine Museum. Expenses low. De- 
partment of Hygiene and Physical Culture in charge of an experienced physician. 
Accessible bv frequent railroad trains. Location, on BATTI-EFIELl) of Gettysburg; 
most pleasan"t and healthy. PKEPAKATOKY DEPARTMENT, in separate buildings, 
fur l)Ojs and young men preparing for business or college, under special care of the 
principal and three assistants, residing with students in the building. For full par- 
ticulars, apply for catalogue to 

HARVEY W. Mcknight, D. D., LL. D., Pres't, 

PENNSYLVANIA COLLEGE. GETTYSBURG. PA. 




AUTHOR OF "GETTYSBURG- 
WHAT THEY DID HERE.' 

The WelhKnov^'n andi 
Popular 

BRTTLEFIELD GUIDE. 

GETTYSBURG, PA. 

Endorsed by the Press and Public,. 

The United States Battlefield 

Commissioners. Federal and 

Confederate Offiters 

and Men. 

Daily tours made over the en- 
tire BattlefieW. For the very 
best service on the Battlefield; 
(explanation and carriaees), al- 
ways write or telegraph Guide- 
L. W. Minnigh in advance. 

Terms moderate. 

T^iitlier W il/i/iTiierh. 

Gettysburg Battlefield Guide, 
Lock Box 131. Gettysburg, Pa. 





LOCATED ON 

CENTRE 

SQUARE^ 

Settjsburg, Fa, 

Newlj' furnished 
:, throughout. 

^ Steam Heat, Gas- 
and Elpctric 

Light. 

Hot and Cold 

Baths. 

H.& D.K.MILLER> 
Proprietors. 



^ll^agle Hotel # 

The T^ar^&fit and Aiost Compl&te Hotel in (iett y film rii; 

FRANK EBERHART, Proprietor. 

Formerlj- of Hotel Uellevue Terrace, Los Angeles, Cal. 



First-Class Cuisine. All Modern Conveniences. Steam Heated. Electric Lights^ 

Fans and Hells. Rooms Single, Double or En Suite. Free Bus. 

HEADQUARTERS FOR VETERANS. TOURISTS AND COMMERCIAL MEN. 

Gettysburg ]Vational jVIiUtary park. 

TUB UNITED STATBS COMMISSION, 

HEADQUARTERS WINTER BUILDING, 
CHAMBEUSHirm; »T., a UTTYSUUUa, fJl. 



COlVIIWTISSrOIVEJI^S. 



COLONEL JOHN P. NICHOLSON, 

MAJOR WM. MACK BOBBINS, 

MAJOR CHARLES A. RICHARDSON. 

CITY HOTEL, 

JOHN E. HLJGHE5, Proprietor. 

GETTYSBURG, PA. 

The Most Convenient in Town. Main Street, near R. R. Station. 



Lighted by Electricity. Hot and Cold Baths on each floor. Accommodations for 250- 
Guests. First-class Livery from a two-passenger wagon to a Tally-Ho, 

niMMCD With a 22-mile drive over the Battlefield Avith parties of ClQC Conh 
UirillLn four or more persons iDI.UJ LOUII 

Six Battlefield Guides, all old soldiers, who have been on the field since the war, 
connected with this Hotel. 

HEADQUARTERS FOR SOUVENIRS. 



ES-rABL.ISH€C=> IST©, 



PEflf^OSE ]VIYEHS, 

M jeWEl-EFR, ^ 



10 BALTIMORE STREET, GETTYSBURG, PA. 

-12a— 




m 




IL 
111 

G 

HI 

J 
J 




z 

(D 



Atlantic Citv, N, J. 

THE FINEST AND MOST POPULAR WATERING 
RESORT IN AMERICA. 



THE WAVERLY 

COMFORTABLE AND HOMELIKE. OCEAN VIEW. 







v/ 



Ttie Waveng is a First Glass Hotel at Popular Piices. 

Table Supplied Direct from Management's Farm. 
WRITE FOR ILLUSTRATED BOOKLET. 



ATLANTIC CITY IS BUT A SHORT TRIP FROM BALTIMORE, 
WASHINGTON OR PHILADELPHIA. 



LEWIS T. BRYANT, Proprietor. 

— 13o — 



Sealoaid Kli liltt 



BETWEEN THE 



REACHING THE 

tHUNTING GROUNDS and MOUNTAINS OF 
NORTH CAROLINA. 




-^ -?VH^s^"THE CYCLONE" '-U"^ 



ONLY LINE TO 



SOUTHEHrl PirlES, fi. C. 

THE FAMOUS WINTER RESORT. 



•General Passenger Af/ent, J'OS-X'SMOXITH, VA. 

— 136- 



HYGEIB HOTEL 

OLD POINT COMFORT. VA. 




Old Point Comfort, or Fort Monroe, as it is officially termed, has long 
lieen known as one of the 

MOST DELIGHTFUL OF AMERICA'S SEASHORE RESORTS. 

Its location on the historic Hampton lioads and Chesapeake Bay is 
ideal. All of the surroundings are associated with the most thrilling 
•episodes in American historj^ and it has 

A CLIMATE OF DELIGHTFUL FRESHNESS AND 
INVIGORATING QUALITIES. 

The fortress, with its water batteries of grim, frowning cannons, its 
:guard mounting, dress parades, drills, target practice, etc., its gay, social 
life, in which all visitors have a share, is an object of never-failing interest. 

The pleasure-seeker will find in the 

MUSIC, DANCING AND FINE SEA BATHING, 

•which can be enjoyed immediately in front of the Hygeia, and in the ex- 
■cellent facilities for 

BOATING, FISHING, BICYCLING, DRIVING, ETC. 

abundant opportunity for amusement, while those who come for rest will 
lind in the ozone-laden breezes wholesome, restful, health-restoring air, 
so quieting to over-wrought nerves and conducive to tranquil slumber, a 
satisfying reality and a pleasant memorj-. Try it. 



F. N. PIKE, Proprietor. 



127 



Hotel * (^ar(\h2r\\[) 

OLD t^OIJST COMFORT, 
VIRaiNIA.. 




The Most Luxuriously Appointed Hotel on tlie Atlantic Coast. 

Climate in Summer as Cool as any Northern Summer 
Resort, and equal in Winter to any Winter Resort. 

SUN PARLORS, PALM GARDEN, DANCING PAVILIONS, &,C. 
Hot and Cold, Fresh and Salt Water Baths 



OPE JV ALL THE YEAB BOUND. AMEBICAN PLAN^ 



WINTER RATES, 
SUMMER RATES, 



$4.00 PER DAY AND UPWARDS. 
$3.00 PER DAY AND UPWARDS. 



ilLiLXT P". CJLl^FSSZrfZ^, iLssis'ta.za.-b 2ti£a.».a.ger. 



fieuj /^tlaptic; 



->^ 



J^otel, 



^c- 




NORFOL-K. VR. 



ESTATE OF R. S. DODSON, Owner. R. A. DODSON, Manager. 



RHTES: 



^2.50 to ^^.OO Per Dny. 



12<) — 



Virginia Beach 



AND THE 






MAKE THE.— caft^ 



ist DBiWoi Besort oa the fltiantic Coast. 



FINEST SURF BATHING 



TO BE F^CDUIMO AIM V\A/H ERE. 



music Every Day. Spieimin FlsHng. Dellglitfui People. 



RATES, $3 PER DAY. SPECIAL BY WEEK OR MONTH. 



PLEASE WRITE OR TELEGRAPH. 



T. EDMUND KRUMBHOLZ, Manager, 
Or W. F. OR VIS, Acting Manager, 

X'irginia Beach, Va. 



— 130 — 



Mbcre tbc Cool Sea Brecscs Blow 








u. 



(Owner of the Famous Virginia Beach Seaside Resort) 



A MODERN LINE WITH UP=TO=DATE EQUIPMENT, WILL 
MAINTAIN A SCHEDULE OF 

kkkkkkkikikkkkkk kkkkkkkkkkkikkkk 

I It Z^l I FREQUENT FAST TRAINS | '.I Z^^l | 

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AMERICA'S FAMOUS OCEAN RESORT, 

yiHGIHIfl BEflGH, VA. 

AN IDEAL BEACH, WITH PERFECT BATHING FACILITIES. 

MUSIC, BOWLING ALLEY, GOLF, BILLIARD HALL, 

BALL ROOMS, RESTAURANTS, TENNIS, 

AMUSEMENTS. 



THE PRINCESS AHNE HOTEli 

Possessing Rare Attractions. 

Fitly Described as a True Picture of Southern Hospitality. 
An Architectural Gem. Perfect in Details. 

ZIbc ®nl\> IDirgtnia Ibotcl on tbc atlantic ©cean 

T. EDMUND KRUMBHOLZ, Manager Princess Anne. 



B. P. HOLLillTD, R. S. P.a.lTlTIl-1-, 

General Superintendent. General Passenger Agent. 

— m — 



Norfolk & Southern R. R. Co. 

THE SHORT AND DIRECT LINE BETWEEN NORFOLK 
AND ALL POINTS IN EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA. 



DAILY TRAINS AND REGULAR 5TEAMB0AT SERVICE. 

Freight Received and Forwarded Daily for Elizabeth City, Hertford, 
Roper, Pantego, Belhaven and all Local Stations. 



-=^^S CONNECTIONS. 

ELIZABETH CITY— With steamers for Koanoke Island. Ooracoke, Oriental and 
Newberne, Fairfield and Alligator Kiver. 

EDENTON— With steamers for Plymouth, Windsor. Jamesville, Willismaton, Ham- 
ilton, ( 'oluinbia, Creswell, Avoca, Coleraine, Winton, Harrellsville and all landings on 
Scupperniit;-, Chowan and Roanoke Rivers. 

NEWBERNE— With the A. & N.C. R. R. for Goldsboro, Kinston, Morehead City 
and intermediate stations. With the W. & N. R, R. for Maysville, Jacksonville, Wil- 
mington and way stations. 

BELHAVEN— With Old Dominion Line for Aurora, Makleyville, Scranton and 
Washington, Tar River landings, &c. 




The Norfolk & Southern Railroad traverses the fertile and productive section of 
Eastern North Carolina, contiguous to the sounds and inland waters which are tribu- 
tary to the road by steamboat service, provided and operated by the railroad company, 
covering a territory by rail and water of about 600 miles. 

Many prosperous towns are located on the line of the road, offering inducements 
to merchants and business men to establish and extend trade. Farm lands can be 
bought at prices to suit purchasers. 

For those who delight iu fishing or gunning, the opportunities of this section are 
unsurpassed. Nag's Head in summer and Belhaven in winter are attractive resorts 
which are well patronized by sportsmen in search of recreation and pleasure. 

The route to Newberne, N. C, by rail to Elizabeth City, and thence by steamer 
through the Albemarle, Croatan and Pamlico Sounds, is a most enjoyable and com- 
fortable trip in either direction. 

Through tickets on sale at coupon stations and on board the company's steamers. 

For schedules and information, apply to the general offices of the Norfolk & 
Southern Railroad, at Norfolk, Va. 



M. K. KING, 

General Manager. 



H. C. HUDGINS, 

General Freight and Passenger Agent. 

-132- 



XLhc • lIMimbimmon 



a 



^ IDotcl, 



Situated Directly on the Ocean Front. Most Central and Fashion- 
able Location in Ocean City. 

Open from June i5th to September i5th. 




THE PLIMHIMMOIM, 



MarY^and's Gnly Sea-Side Resert. 

Absolutely Free From Malaria. 
Artesian Well Water. 

JLddress, IvinS. n. T. SH^IEVE, 

(Until June 15th.) '3 East Franklin Street, Baltimore, Hd. 

-133 — 



<.Ciir"r 



A.^nlon 



SpT^in^ M J^ J^ to 



• -^1- STEVENSON, IWAHVLiRND. 1^ • 

-ei[W lli iDl IN lIPiNI m flPPOINlNIS.^ 

IVALON I N N is located in the Green vSpring Valley,. 
^ 750 feet above tidewater. 

The plumbing and drainage system is perfect. 

The table and general service, nnder personal super- 
vision of ]3roprietor, insures its perfection. 

Pure spring water, for which the Green Spring \'alley 
is famous, is a special feature of the Avalon Inn. There 
are numerous springs, from which thousands of gallons of 
water flow daily. They are all absolutely pure and free 
from organic matter. 

Rooms single and en suite (with bath attached). 

New England waitresses. Long distance Telephone., 
Coach meets all trains. For terms, address 

JAMES F. BOHEN, Proprietor. 



Philadelphia Office, Post Office, 

Care of STEVENSON , MARYL AN D, 

LOUGH EAD &, COMPANY, (Green Spring Valley.) 

919 & 921 Walnut Street. N. 0. Branch of Penn. Railroad. 



Twelve Miles from Baltimore. Fifty-two miles from Washington. 
• • • One Hundred and Ten IMiles from Philadelphia. • • • 



PEEN ANNE'S RAILROAD 

THE SHORTEST AND MOST DIRECT LINE TO 

Queenstown, Queen Anne, Denton, Easton, Milton, Lewes, 
Rehobeth and other Maryland and Delaware Points. 



Steamboat Service Unexcelled 

AND EQUIPMENT PERFECT IN EVERY DETAIL. 



The Queen Anne's Railroad runs through the most beauti= 

fully diversified section of the Eastern 

Shore of Maryland. 



DURING THE 
SUMMER MONTHS 



TO 



One of the Most Enjoyable Trips Out of Baltimore. 

2'2 HOURS' RIDE ON THE CHESAPEAKE BAY, 

1 HOUR IN QUEENSTOWN, AND 

THE RIDE BACK. 

Ill all, 6 Houis of lUilnierrDpieii Sigm-SeeiDy and Pleasure 

FIRST CUASS MERLiS ON STEAMER. 



For Schedule See Baltimore Daily Papers. 

For further information, address or apply to 



C. C. WALLER, 



General Passenger Agent, 

Pier 9^2 Light St. Wharf, 

Baltimore, /Vld. 

i:!5 — 



Tic Soutnem iiroHp of ReeiGy instltotes. 

BAI_TIIS/ICZ>RE, IVICD. 
\A/A©HINC3XOrM, CD. O. 
C=!F=?EEN©BC5F=^0, N, O- 



aiTTTITTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTITTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTJ^ 



The 

Keeley 

Cure. 



ALCOHOL, 
OPIUM, 

TOBACCO 
USING 



^ Produce each a disease having 3 
t definite pathology. The dis- ^ 
t ease yields easily to the Double ^ 
E. Chloride of (4old Treatment as 3 
t administered at The Keeley ^ 
t Institute, 1418 Madison ave- ^ 
t nue, Baliimore, Aid. 3 

t :a 



The United States 
Govern men t.^^" 

Has adopted the Keeley Treat- 
ment in the Soldiers' Home. 

It is a fact, known generally 
by well informed persons, that 
inebriety, morphine and other 
drug addictions are diseitses, not 
simply habits, and to be cured 
the}' must receive medical treat- 
ment. 

The method of treatment 
originated by Dr. Leslie E. 
Keeley, and administered only 
at institutes authorized by him, 
cures these diseases. This state- 
ment is easily substantiated by 
facts. Three hundred thousand 
cured men and women are glad 
to testify to its truth. 

The treatment is pleasant. 
The patient is subject to no 
restraint. It is like taking a 
vacation of four weeks. He 
only knows that he is cured. 

Detailed information of this 
treatment and proofs of its suc- 
cess sent free upon application. 

All correspondence is deemed 
confidential. 

Address 

THE KEELEY INSTITUTE, 

1418 MADISON AVE.. BALTIMORE. MD. 

905 E ST.. WASHINGTON. D. C. 

Or GREENSBORO. N. C. 



l:V> 



READ THIS TWIOE:. 

When you visit GETTYSBURG stop otf a day at WASHINGTON and stop at 

THE 




HMERICHN 



'. P§m$. Am. mi fih EL, 

WASHINGTON, ID. C. 



REFITTED AND REFURNISHED, 



Table, Service, t^oonDs and Everything in 
keeping ujith a First-elass Cnodern Hotel. 



DflTCQ. AMERICAN PLAN, $2.00 PER DAY. 
riM I LO« EUROPEAN PLAN, $1.00 PER DAY. 

The American is centrally located in the business portion of the 

City, and within a short distance of all Public Buildings, 

Churches and Places of Aniusement ar.d Interest. 

CHARLES W, LEANNARDA, Proprietor. 

- 137 — 



-•EBBITT HOUSE J- 



MR7VYV KIND NKV:V. 




crs' M w . t^ .'f Pf 'ff' 1 



H. C. BURCH, Manager. 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 



THE SHOREHAM 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 



American and European Plans. 



Absolutely Fire=Proof. 



Within five minutes' walk of the Executive Mansion, Treasury, State, 
War and Navy Departments. 



JOHN T. DEVINE, Proprietor. 

- 138 — 



The ST. JAMES, 




EUROPEAN PLAN, 



(Or. Pennsylvania 
Ave. and lith St. 

WflSHINGTOK 

D. C. 



A 
SELECT 
FAMILY 
HOTEL. 

ROOMS 

EN SUITE AND 

SINGLE. 



CUISINE 

AND SERVICE 

THE BEST. 



HOWARD HOUSE 

iAZT^SHINCTGN, D. C. 

Is ag'ain under the management of MR, JOHN B. SCOTT, its former proprietor, with 
rates at $:i.00 and fri.oO per day. American plan. It is centrallj' located, is heated 
throughout by steam, and for prices charg-ed the most liberally conducted Hotel in 
the City. Mr. Scott will be g'lad to see his old friends from Baltimore and elsewhere, 
whose liberal patronag-e fur the past thirteen years have contributed so largely to the 
popularity of this Motel. 

AMERICAN PLAN, $1.50 to $2.00 per day. 

EUROPEAN PLAN, 75 ct5. to $1.50 per day. 

Dotcl lEmericb 

Entirely Remodeled and Furnished Throughout. 
Electric Light. Steam Heat. 

CO.WKMEM' T»» ALL OKI'OTS AM* STKF.KT t AK LINES'. 

485, 487 and 489 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, 

One Block from Pennsylvania R. R. Depot, 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 



- Kill 



the: 

• • 

R 



I American Plan • European Plan 

^ $2.00 PER DAY $1 .00 PER DAY 

jE AND AND 

fe UPWARDS. UPWARDS. 



G 



JROHBRT P. MURPHY, 

I* roprietui'. 

^Caters Expressly to the Traveling Public. -{^ 



m^. 



I 



isr i 

T* 
is irtiHSH I NGTON, 



iVear ii-vec-ut/v^e Ala/ision 

and 
Opposite 17. S. Treasury. 



13. C 



W. H. SELDEN, Proprietor. W. R. TELLER. Manager, late of Bellefonte, Pa. 



^2. SO TO 35. OO 



METROPOLITAN 
HOTEL 



i^^ 
^^i 



BETWEEN 6th AND 7th STREETS, 

WASHINGTON, t). c. 

— 1411 — 



Baldwin Locomotive Works 



nx> 




Single Expansion 5: Gernpeand liGGefrietives. 

LiJS BROAD & NARROW GAUGE LOCOMOTIVES. STEAM CARS & TRAMWAY LOCOMOTIVES, 
MINE & FURNACE LOCOMOTIVES. PLANTATION LOCOMOTIVES, 

COMPRESSED AIR LOCOMOTIVES, OIL-BURNING LOCOMOTIVES. 



Adapted to every variety of service, and built accurately to 
gauges and templates, after standard designs or to railroad 
companies' drawings. Like parts of different engines of 
same class perfectly interchangeable 

Electric Locomotives and Electric Car Trucks with Approved Hotors. 

BURNHAM, WILLIAMS & CO., Philadelphia, Pa, U. S. A. 



C. L. HAGY. Chairman. 



J. H. BLYE. Treasurer. 



C. L. HAGY. JR.. Sec'y. 



Southern Waste Works, 

( LIIS/ll-TED.) 

Cotton & Woolen W^aste. 



All grades prepared expressly for Engine and Ma= 
chinery Wiping and Packing Purposes. 



FAC'rOF=lV AND OFRICJE, 

N. W. Cor. 16th and Carpenter Streets, 

PHIL-HDEL-PHIH. PH. 



GO SOUTH 



JiY Tim OI^I) 



BAY LINB 



Passenger Accommodation Unsurpassed for 
Comfort and Attention. 

Staterooms from $1.00 to $2 50. Berths Free. 

Meals on the European Plan. 

Magnificent Steamers -with newest appointments and furnish- 
ings— "ALABAMA," "GEORGIA" and "VIRGINIA." 
("TENNESSEE" now building.) 




Freifflif <€• Pdssenf/ev Steamers leave Union Dock, foot Concord 
St., daily, except Sundays, at 0.30 p. m. Canton 7.10 p. m. 

Arrive at Old Point Comfort 0.30, Norfolk 7.30, and Portsmouth at 8 a. m. 
Connect at Portsmouth with Seaboard Air Line solid train Portsmouth to 
Atlanta. Close connection at Weldon with Atlantic Coast Line. At Nor- 
folk connect with Norfolk & Carolina, Norfolk ct Southern, Atlantic & 
Danville and Norfolk ct Western Railroads, and with Old Dominion Line 
for Newberne and AYashington, N. C. 

ILLUSTKATED FOLDER of this INTERESTING ROUTE, 
giving blrd's-e.ye view of the Chesapeake Bay and 
full desrription of points of interest to passengers. 

For Stateroom Reservations apply at Ticket Office, KENNON 
JONES, Agent, 129 East Baltimore Street. 

JOHN R. SHERWOOD. General Manager. 
WILLIAM RANDALL. Gen. Frt & Pass. Agt. 
EMMET BROWN. General Ticket Agent. 



UNION DOCK, BALTIMORE. 



U-3 — 



Baiiimore, cnesapeake & RictiiDonii Sieamlioai Company 



CHESAPEAKE LINE 



United States Mail Steamers "Atlanta" and "Charlotte" 
leave Pier 19, Light Street Wharf, daily (except Sunday), at 6.30 
p. m., for the South, connecting at Old Point Comfort with C. & 
0. liy., at ^Norfolk with Atlantic Coast Line, Southern Ky., Atlan- 
tic & Danville Ey,, Xorfolk & Western Ry., Norfolk & Southern 
11. R., and Norfolk, Virginia Beach & Southern R. R. 






"I'il 




YORK RIVER LINE 



For If'esf I*ohtf, l{irln}nnnl (did the Sotifh. 

Leave Baltimore every Tuesday, Tliinsilay and Sattirday 

at ii p. in. 



For reservation of state-rooms, rates and other information, 
apply to City Ticket Office, No. Ill E. Baltimore Street, or South- 
ern Rv. Office, Cor. Baltimore and Calvert Streets. 

E. J. CHISIVl, Qeneral Ticket Agent, 

530 Light Street, Baltimore, Md. 

— u:? — 



ill 




^ Mi ^ 




RAILWAY AND STEAMER ROUTES, 



DIRECT LINE FOR OCEAN CITY, MO. 

And. Many Other Health-Giving Resorts on the Chesapeake 
Bay and the Eastern Shore of Maryland and Virginia, ^^^ij 

e:i> THE GMRDEN SROT <$■ 

Of the Continent for the Tourist, Vacationist, Sportsman, Health-Seeker, 
Sitirhtseer and Summer Boarder. 




The Steamers of this Line are equipped Avith every conceiv- 
able arrangement for the convenience and comfort 
of the traveling public. 



SEXD FOR ILLVSTRATED SUMMER BOOK.- 



For further information, "write or apply to 

T. IVIUF=^DCDCDH. 



General Passenger Agent. 



Ill East Baltimore Street, 



— in — 



Zo the ^ouriet anb Sportsman, 



4iB 


y\ 




^^ 



TAKE XHE 



lEW FLOiEIDA 




..IP 



Ij • wmn 



VIA 



PENNSYLVANIA R. R., SOUTHERN RAILWAY AND 

FLORIDA CENTRAL & PENINSULAR R. R. 

FROM UNION STATION THROUGH 



9.42 A, M. 
9.20 P. M. 



TO JACKSONVILLE, TAMPA AND ST. 
AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA, VIA COLUMBUS, 
S. C, AND SAVANNAH, GEORGIA. 



TOURISTS 

Will have the opportunity of seeing the Battlefields of Virginia, 
South Carolina and Georgia, and the Mammoth Orange Groves of 
Florida; also the Phosphate Mines in Florida; Historic City of 
St. Augustine, Florida. 

SRORTSTV^EN 



Can have the finest Hunting and Fishing in the world. First-class 
Guides and Dogs can be had at reasonable terms. 



Between January (about the 15th) each year until the middle 

of April THE NEW YORK AND FLORIDA LIMITED 

runs. No extra charge except for Pullman. 



For Further Information Apply or Write to 
JOHN R. DUVAL, Agt., Florida Central &. Peninsular R, R, 



231 EAST GERMAN STREET, BALTIMORE, MP, 



SOUTHERN BATTLEFIELDS. 
HISTORIC ROUTE. 





Via Washington, Richmond, Petersburg, Ya., Charleston, S. G. 

2.25 F=». IVl. 2. SO A. IVI. 

Daily from Union Station, Balthnore, 3Id. 
T/woii(/h PuUnian Sleepers on All Trains. 



AIKEN, S. C, AUGUSTA, MACON, ATLANTA AND 
MIDDLE GEORGIA POINTS. 

SAVANNAH, THOMASVILLE, GA., JACKSONVILLE AND ALL 
FLORIDA POINTS. 

KEY WEST. CUBA. HflSSAL). 



THE FAMOUS NEW -YORK -FLORIDA SPECIAL 

IN SERVICE DURING REGULAR FLORIDA SEASON. 



T. M. EMERSON, H. M. EMERSON, 

Traffic Manager, Wilmington, N. C. General Passenger Agent. 

BALTIMORE OFFICE: 107 E. GERMAN ST. 

ALL INFORMATION ON APPLICATION. 

— 146- 



Hotel A^ltamont 



"I ' ." fgt- ' -j-i ' tv-:.^ ' 









i ■ ■ 'V il W W 



a^) 



tuTAw Place 



i,B0L;LtVARD 
'V AMERICA- 






1^ He^ >^7i«^ 

pverLoekinS 
Pa'ltin\?r«. t, 

6ur9P«j.i\ Pl^^ 






' l\ 




(^ ('/.^f'DPl' ^COf K.n'i""'*-'"'!"'!' 



.J3'^Ln'lMOR.E,AlD, 



J 



Americaii and European F*laos. 

CATER SPECIALLY TO TOURISTS. 

Convenient to All Railroad Stations. Street Car Lines, Parks and Theatres. 



WRITE FOR DESCRIPTIVE PAMPHLET OF BALTIMORE. 



C. WARNER STORK, Prop. 



-147- 



NE ALE'S 



LADIES' AND GENTS' 



m 





MM m 



OPEN EVERY DAY IN THE YEAR. 



TV^EHLS TXT T^LL HOURS. 

Xuncbee for ^ouriete a Specialty. 

. . ^] ALL THE DELICACIES OF THE SEASON, i^ • • 



Salt Water Oysters on Half Shell. 

vSteamed Oysters a Specialty. 

Broiled Live Lobsters. Chicken, Crab and Lobster Salads. 

Live Frogs always on hand and served to order. 

Salt Water Oysters and Little Neck Clams on Half Shell 

all Summer. 

Fresh Early Vegetables and Fruit Always on Hand. 



Tame oe note DiniiGr 25 cents, From il! to 3. 

looted foP Soft CPabs, pish, Steaks 6t Chops 



f\ll Brands of Imported, Do/r\esti(^ apd l^ey U/ejt <?i($ar5. 
Box Jrade a Specialty. 



524 & 526 W. Baiiliqore St., Near Greeqe, Baiiiniore, Hlii. 



C. & p. LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE, 2385-3. 

— 148 — 




A Strictly High Grade Beer, 

Sold in Decagon Shaped Flint Glass Bottles 

and on Draught at all First Class 

Cafes and Hotels. 



FOR FAMILY USE 

It is Distributed by the Leading Grocers Throughout 
the City in Original Packages. 



TRY IX. 



»-ORDERS BY 'PHONE OR MAIL WILL RECEIVE PROMPT ATTENTION, 



Berber Ereworj aod Bsttlini lorb, 

BLOCK OF BARCLAY, OLIVER AND BELVIDERE STS. 



•PHONE 130. 

— 149 — 



S^^i^^^i^i^^iiiw.iti>M^iw^iyjyj^^ 



o 



u 
p 



aw Fmirii imipij 



i'i i'4 i'i J«4 i<4 i"i i«t M i't j'f i«f tjl i<l iji 4[i Ijl 1^ ijt Jjt ijt ijl Ijl i{l ijl ijf iji 4[t ijf ijj ijf Ijf ijf T{f Tjf rjf iif ?!? ?|t jjf tJt 



I JACOB GOMPRECHT, i 

m, I 

i 316 AND 318 I 

NORTH EUTAW STREET, I 
BALTIMORE, MD. 



rUPllTITTjnB, CAH.I'BTS, 

STOVES, E'lOTUI^ES, 

BmC-A-Br^AC, ETC- 



i«4 J<t 4[4 4[4 4^ 4}4 4|4 4{4 4jl 4)4 4{4 4j4 4)4 4j4 jjj 4;4 4J4 ^4 4(4 4«4 4*4 4;4 jj4 lj4 4)4 4j4 jt 4[4 4)4 4;4 4;4 4;4 4)4 4J4 4j4 4[4 jjf 4|4 4)4 jjf |*^ 



I TenqslllailiiioSQiiilieGoiiveiiiepofPuicliaser | 



— iM- 



RUPTURE CURED 



NOT ONE CENT IN PAYMENT REQUIRED UNTIL CURE 

IS EFFECTED. NO LOSS OF TIME 

FROM BUSINESS. 



SECURITY RUPTURE CURE. 



^^^'^°s^" TRUSSES 

One Week's Trial 



IF NOT PERFECTLY PROTECTED WITH 
COMFORT AND EASE, 

NO OHARGE. 



SUITE 12, WASHINGTON LOAN AND TRUST BUILDING 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

SUITE 346, EQUITABLE BUILDING, 

BALTIMORE, MD. 

HOURS 9 to 5. TUESDAY AND FRIDAY until 9 P. M. SUNDAY 10 to 1. 

-151- 



14 :S()rth Gny Street, BAT^TIMORE, MU. 

This house is ccntnilly locatid. Aviihin u block of all Public Buildings, Federal, State 
and Local. Every car line in lialtiinorc ( ity and County passes the door. Direct con- 
nections with all Railroad Stations and Steamboat Lines. Five minutes' walk from 
Western Maryland Railroad Station. 

First-Class liooms 50 Cfs. and Up. For Gentlemen Onhj. 

The Dining- lioom is under the supervision of a First-class Chef. Ladies' and Gen- 
tlemen's Cafe. The entire house been lately renovated, newly furnished and is heated 
by steam. Has toilet and bath rooms on every floor. 

SPECTAI^ KATES. ^Ve C^i>r<1inll\' In\'i1e 7/js/>ee<ion. 

THOIVIAS J. SHEUBROOKS, 



^ <=se:nef^ai_ 



Ppintep and fldvertisei^, 

N. E. COR. CHARLES AND LOMBARD STS. 

nnrn|n|Tjrn railroad printing, hotel PRiNTiNa, 

01 LUlliLllLO RAILROAD ADVERTISING, HOTEL ADVERTISING. 

ADAMS EXPRESS COMPANY 

For the despatch of Merchandise, Perishables, Money and 

Valuables, and for making collections and performing 

generally all the functions of the Express Sys= 

tern, is unexcelled by any other company. 



The standard of excellence aimed to be maintained lias been appreciated 
by shippers, and such appreciation will be acknowledged by a con- 
tinuance of interest in the extension of their business and 
by providing increased facilities for its furtherance 
through the medium of this Company. 



A reference to the list of offices reveals the fact that through Adams 
Express Company more than seventy-live per cent, of the railway towns 
in the United States, British Provinces and Mexico are accessible, and the 
names of the famous railways it exclusively uses are proof of the relia- 
bility of its claims for fast time. 



the: TA.ICIF"I5^ JRA^TEiS 

Are lower than ever before published, and do not exceed the rates of other 
companies to competitive points, 

— 152 — 



6co. Brcbm's 

\ Beer ^ 



ONE GRADS ONIjiY. 



Families Promptly Supplied with BOTTLED BEER. 

X E l_ E F> M C3 rsi E S99. 

A. HOEN & CO. 

Lithogf^Bptier'? and printer'?, 

-fflw— *— HOEN BUILDINGS,— *—«- 

nich-Tsiond, TTa. Ba.ltixM.ore, LiCd- 

Established 1867. Incorporated 1892. 

Baltimere T^ransfer GQiripariY, 

205 E. BALTIMORE STREET, 

GENERAL TRANSFER AND FORWARDING AGENTS 

PASSENGER, BAGGAGE AND FREIGHT. 

Tally Ho Coaches, Oiiinihiisscs, Park Phaetons and Wagonettes. Baisfrage called for 

to aud from depots. whar\ es and residences promptly at moderate rate«. Consig'n- 

ments of merchandise for delivery in or reshipment from Italtimore solicited. 

Bonded trucks for handlinj^ goods in bond. Wc are specially equipped for 

haulirg and ereetins: all kinds of litrht and heavy machinery, safes, &c. 

Estimates lor this class of work furnished upon application. 



— 153- 




. . . MANUFACTURER OF THE . . . 

Kailonai GompouiH Tonic. 

SOLE PKOPRIETOR OF 

BECK'S Iron Phosphates. 

ALSO 

A Full Line of Soft Drinks in General 



FACTORY : 



•iiiL 518-520 Colvin Street 

G.L.M^GREEVY,/ BALTIMORE. MD. 

BALTIMORE,MD. 




Your Patronage Kindly Solicited. 



JOHN H. WILHELM'S 

MEAT MARKET 

1040-42 HILLEN STREET, 

CORNER ROGERS AVENUE, 

The Leading and Most Reliable Market in Baltimore, Md. 



^iBALTIMORE WASTE COMPANY.i^ 

l<i. E^GAJK ,Ss CO. 

Manufacturers of CJOTTCDN WASTE. 
PATCHED BAGGING AND PIECED COTTON TIES. 

Telephone No. 1080. EAST FALLS AVENUE. STILES AND PRESIDENT STREETS, 

BALTIVIORE, MD. 



C. T. GIBSON. 



ESTABLISHED 1855. 



S. E. KIRK. 



GIBSOKl & KII=^K. 

Lock Manufacturers and Belt Hangers 

No. 45 CHEAPSIDE, BALTIMORE, MD. 

RAILROAD LOCKS and FIXTURES a Specialty. BRASS RAILINGS. ORNAMENTAL BRASS WORK 
for Banks. Offices, &c. BRASS WORK f9r Ships. ELECTRIC BELLS. SPEAKING TUBES. 

-154- 



CHESAPEAKE 
WASTE 
COMPANY 

BALTIMORE, MD. 



COTTON AND WOObEH WASTE. 
BABBIT IVlETALi. 



J0\)D (^0X8 309s, 

LITHOGRAPHERS 
AND PRINTERS, 



PRATT STREET AND SPEAR'S WHARF, 

bal_t"iiviofre:, ivid. 



FINE BOOK WORK, CATALOGUE^, POSTERS AND COMMERCIAL 
WORK OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 

— 1->T — 




BLUE MOUNTAIN HOUSE PROM THE VALLEY. 
AN HOUR'S BIDE FROM GETTYSBURG. 



Buena Vista Spring Hotel 

IN THE HEART OF THE BLUE RIDGE. 









p. O. BUENA VISTA SPRING, FRANKLIN CO., PA. 
Address all communications to yy/^ |y|_ R£AMER 

Manager, 
206 N. Liberty St., Bat.ttmorr, Mp. 



OPEN JUNE 1st to OCTOBER 1st. 



Hotel I^ennert. 




Liberty and Saratoga Streets, 



BALTinoRE, no. 




' * "1 « S.m,. I,. 



'i 1 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



013 702 136 5 



